ART. 15 ANATOMY OF THE EARED AND EARLESS SEALS HOWELL 89 



The vasti were separable into two divisions only. 



M. vastus lateralis (figs. 12, 25, 26) arose from the dorso-cranial part 

 of tlie greater trochanter and for a very short distance distad along 

 the lateral border. Insertion was upon the lateral patella and 

 slightly upon the capsule of the joint. Miller considered that the 

 vastus externus of all the pinnipeds which he dissected arose from 

 the entire lateral border of the femur, and Murie from the " anterior 

 surface of the femur," but I deem the true origin to be more restricted. 



M. vastus profundus (figs. 12, 25, 26) evidently comprised a fused 

 vasti femoris and medius. In the Zaiophus origin was from prac- 

 tically the entire cranial surface of the femur, and in the Phoca, from 

 only the proximal half. Insertion in both was upon the medial 

 patella and adjoining part of the capsule of the knee partly deep to 

 the insertion of the rectus femoris. Miller designated the deeper 

 vastus as the crureus, and Murie, the vastus internus. 



The adductors consisted of the following muscles : 



M. pectineus (figs. 11, 12, 24) in the Zalofhus arose from the dorso- 

 caudal slope of the pectineo-psoas process of the innominate and the 

 tendon of the psoas minor adjoining. Insertion was upon the distal 

 border of the lesser trochanter adjoining that of adductor 6. In the 

 Phoca origin was longer, from the border of the publis for a short 

 distance directly caudad of the " pectineo-psoas process." Insertion 

 was also fleshy upon the proximo-medial portion of the caudal aspect 

 of the femoral shaft, or close to the corresponding position of the 

 lesser trochanter of Zaiophus^ absent in the Phoca. In Arctocepha- 

 lus origin w^as much as I found it in Phoca. Miller considered that 

 this muscle was Murie's adductor brevis primus, and that there was 

 really a second division, termed pectineus for Ewnetopias and Odo- 

 benu-'^, and called by Miller for Arctocephalus pectineo-superficialis 

 vel femoralis. Both Murie's and Miller's treatment of the pectineo- 

 adductor complex is irrational. There is no good reason, morpho- 

 logically, for considering that the pectineus has taken upon itself com- 

 plexity. The pectineus of Murie and the pectineo-superficialis vel 

 femoralis of Miller were, in fact, clearly a subdivision of the true 

 adductor mass. 



M. gracilis (figs. 11, 18, 24) in both animals was incompletely double 

 at origin, the two heads being separated, craniad only, by the rectus 

 abdominis. The more ectal arose midventracl, its fibers decussating 

 with those of its antimere, and the more entad from the symphysis 

 and the ischium laterad thereto. Insertion was fascial, in the 

 ZaIophiLS along the middle third, and in the Phoca the distal half, of 

 the tibia. In the latter animal there seemed to be a slender tendon or 

 ligament developing from this fascia and passing over the medial 

 malleolus and joining the plantar fascia. In Odohenus insertion 

 was upon almost the entire shaft of the tibia. 



