LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. xi 



PLATE PAGE 



LXXL— Red-breasted Nuthatch ; White-breasted Nuthatch . 249 



LXXII. — Golden-crowned Kinglet ; Ruby-crowned Kiuglet . 253 



LXXIIL— Veery 255 



LXXIV.— Wood Thrush . . 257 



LXXV.— Hermit Thrush 259 



Figures ix the Text. 



FIG. PAGE 



1. Restoration of the Archieopteryx, a toothed, reptilelike bird 



of the Jurassic period 3 



2. End of spearlike tongue of Pileated Woodpecker . . .14 



3. Tip of tail of (o) Downy Woodpecker, {h) Brown Creeper, to 



show the pointed shape in tails of creeping birds of different 

 families 16 



4. Young Hoatzin, showing use of hooked fingers in climbing . 17 



5. Short, rounded wing and large foot of Little Black Rail, a ter- 



restrial bird 18 



6. Long, pointed wing and small foot of Tree Swallow, an aerial 



bird 18 



7. Frigate-bird 19 



8. Great Auk, showing relatively small wing . . . .21 



9. Wing of Woodcock, showing three outer attenuate feathers . 24 



10. Jacana, showing spurred wing and elongated toes . . .24 



11. Tail-feathers of Motmot (MomofHSsnbrufcscens), showing newly 



grown feathers and results of self-inflicted mutilation . 26 



12. Lobed foot of Coot {Fulica americana), a swimming bird of 



the Rail family 27 



13. Lobed foot of a Phalarope (Crj/mophilxs fulicarius), a swim- 



ming bird of the Snipe family 27 



14. Flamingo, showing relative length of legs and neck in a wad- 



ing bird 28 



15. Foot of Fish Hawk, showing large claws and spicules on under 



surface of toes 29 



16. Naked toes of Ruffed Grouse in summer ; fringed toes of Ruffed 



Grouse in winter 29 



17. Decurved bill of Sickle-bill Hummingbird . . . .31 



18. Serrate bill of Merganser, a fish-eating bird . . . .32 



19. Probelike bill of Woodcock, showing extent to which upper 



mandible can be moved 32 



20. Recurved bill of Avocet 32 



21. Bill of Spoonbill Sandpiper 33 



