﻿SIX 
  SUBFAMILIES 
  OF 
  ATHERINIDAE 
  — 
  SCHULTZ 
  7 
  

  

  7&. 
  Air 
  bladder 
  extending 
  opposite 
  three 
  ol 
  the 
  broadened 
  haemal 
  spines 
  

   and 
  connecting 
  with 
  next 
  haemal 
  arch 
  by 
  a 
  bony 
  platelike 
  process 
  ; 
  

   anus 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  tips 
  of 
  pelvic 
  flus, 
  much 
  closer 
  to 
  pelvic 
  bases 
  than 
  

   to 
  anal 
  origin; 
  anterior 
  ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  long 
  and 
  

   slender 
  reaching 
  past 
  front 
  of 
  orbits 
  ; 
  teeth 
  on 
  vomer 
  present 
  or 
  

   absent 
  ; 
  middorsal 
  ridge 
  scarcely 
  evident 
  behind 
  head 
  ; 
  maxillary 
  

   reaching 
  past 
  front 
  of 
  eye 
  ; 
  scales 
  small 
  about 
  70 
  to 
  75 
  ; 
  posterior 
  

   margin 
  of 
  scales 
  angular 
  or 
  somewhat 
  pointed 
  (southern 
  Aus- 
  

   tralian 
  region) 
  Atherinason 
  Whitley 
  

  

  6&. 
  Air 
  bladder 
  or 
  body 
  cavity 
  ending 
  bluntly 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  anal 
  origin, 
  

   not 
  entering 
  first 
  haemal 
  arch 
  ; 
  none 
  of 
  haemal 
  spines 
  or 
  hypophyses 
  

  

  broadened 
  (fig. 
  la) 
  (Taeniomembrasinae, 
  new 
  subfamily) 
  

  

  9a. 
  Gill 
  rakers 
  tuberculate, 
  fewer 
  than 
  12 
  on 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  first 
  arch; 
  

   premaxillary 
  process 
  moderately 
  long, 
  about 
  equal 
  to 
  or 
  a 
  little 
  

   longer 
  than 
  diameter 
  of 
  pupil 
  ; 
  mouth 
  small, 
  maxillaries 
  notably 
  not 
  

   reaching 
  to 
  a 
  vertical 
  line 
  through 
  front 
  of 
  orbits 
  ; 
  teeth 
  at 
  front 
  of 
  

   both 
  Jaws 
  somewhat 
  enlarged, 
  conical, 
  those 
  on 
  premaxillary 
  in 
  one 
  

   row 
  and 
  on 
  dentary 
  in 
  two 
  irregular 
  rows 
  ; 
  lips 
  at 
  corner 
  of 
  mouth 
  

   fused 
  about 
  one-third 
  the 
  way 
  toward 
  tip 
  of 
  premaxillary 
  ; 
  anus 
  in 
  

  

  front 
  of 
  tips 
  of 
  pelvic 
  fins 
  Craterocephalus 
  McCuUoch 
  

  

  96. 
  Gill 
  rakers 
  long 
  to 
  moderately 
  long, 
  slender, 
  not 
  tuberculate, 
  more 
  than 
  

   12 
  on 
  lower 
  limb 
  of 
  first 
  gill 
  arch. 
  

   lOo, 
  Ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  long, 
  slender, 
  notably 
  longer 
  than 
  

   diameter 
  of 
  pupil, 
  equal 
  or 
  nearly 
  equal 
  to 
  diameter 
  of 
  eye, 
  reach- 
  

   ing 
  considerably 
  into 
  interorbital 
  space, 
  a 
  shorter 
  process 
  or 
  spine- 
  

   like 
  projection 
  on 
  .'?ide 
  of 
  premaxillary 
  (fig. 
  26) 
  ; 
  rami 
  of 
  mandibles 
  

   elevated 
  ; 
  premaxillary 
  dentition 
  not 
  reflected 
  as 
  shagreen 
  on 
  

   outer 
  face 
  of 
  this 
  bone; 
  soft 
  rays 
  of 
  dorsal, 
  anal, 
  and 
  pectoral 
  

   fins 
  without 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  ; 
  teeth 
  in 
  both 
  jaws 
  in 
  a 
  narrow 
  villiform 
  

   band; 
  maxillary 
  reaching 
  or 
  nearly 
  reaching 
  a 
  vertical 
  line 
  

   through 
  front 
  of 
  orbit 
  ; 
  first 
  dorsal 
  origin 
  about 
  equidistant 
  or 
  a 
  

   little 
  closer 
  to 
  tip 
  of 
  snout 
  than 
  to 
  midbase 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  ; 
  scales 
  

   on 
  opercle 
  and 
  on 
  pectoral 
  base 
  greatly 
  enlarged; 
  one 
  row 
  of 
  

   scales 
  below 
  eye 
  ; 
  teeth 
  on 
  vomer 
  ; 
  anus 
  behind 
  tips 
  of 
  pelvic 
  

  

  fins 
  Stenatherina, 
  new 
  genus 
  

  

  106. 
  Ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  short, 
  broad 
  based, 
  about 
  equal 
  to 
  

   or 
  shorter 
  than 
  pupil, 
  not 
  notably 
  extending 
  into 
  interorbital 
  

   space, 
  

   llo. 
  No 
  scales 
  on 
  shoulder 
  girdle 
  below 
  pectoral 
  base 
  ; 
  opercular 
  scales 
  

   probably 
  absent; 
  no 
  concavity 
  on 
  bony 
  edges 
  of 
  preopercle; 
  

   no 
  sheath 
  of 
  scales 
  along 
  base 
  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  and 
  no 
  scales 
  on 
  

   bases 
  of 
  dorsal 
  or 
  pectoral 
  fins 
  ; 
  posteriorly 
  the 
  rami 
  of 
  mandi- 
  

   bles 
  inside 
  mouth 
  not 
  elevated 
  ; 
  lower 
  jaw 
  a 
  trifle 
  longer 
  

   than 
  upper 
  ; 
  distal 
  margins 
  of 
  soft 
  dorsal 
  and 
  anal 
  fins 
  notably 
  

   concave; 
  vertebrae 
  in 
  one 
  count 
  15-f21 
  (fresh 
  waters 
  of 
  

  

  Cuba) 
  Alepidomus 
  Hubbs 
  

  

  116. 
  Scales 
  present 
  and 
  greatly 
  enlarged 
  on 
  shoulder 
  girdle 
  below 
  

  

  pectoral 
  base 
  ; 
  opercular 
  scales 
  greatly 
  enlarged. 
  

  

  12a. 
  Posteriorly 
  the 
  rami 
  of 
  mandibles 
  are 
  distinctly 
  elevated 
  (figs. 
  

  

  3c 
  and 
  3f). 
  

  

  13a. 
  Posterior 
  margin 
  of 
  anterior 
  bony 
  edge 
  of 
  preopercle 
  truncate, 
  

  

  without 
  concavity, 
  a 
  short 
  but 
  distinct 
  lateral 
  process 
  on 
  

  

  premaxillary; 
  anus 
  between 
  pelvics 
  (Australian 
  region). 
  

  

  Taeniomembras 
  Ogilby 
  

  

  