﻿SIX 
  SUBFAMILIES 
  OF 
  ATHERINIDAE 
  — 
  SCHULTZ 
  H 
  

  

  plate 
  ; 
  no 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  along 
  anal 
  base 
  ; 
  first 
  dorsal 
  origin 
  

   behind 
  a 
  vertical 
  line 
  through 
  anal-fin 
  origin, 
  about 
  over 
  

   base 
  of 
  third 
  branched 
  anal 
  ray 
  ; 
  pelvic 
  insertions 
  a 
  little 
  

   closer 
  to 
  anal 
  origin 
  than 
  to 
  upper 
  angle 
  of 
  pectoral 
  base 
  ; 
  

   maxillary 
  reaching 
  to 
  under 
  eye, 
  nearly 
  or 
  quite 
  to 
  below 
  

   front 
  of 
  pupil 
  ; 
  base 
  of 
  last 
  ray 
  of 
  second 
  dorsal 
  a 
  trifle 
  behind 
  

   base 
  of 
  last 
  anal 
  ray 
  ; 
  teeth 
  in 
  an 
  irregular 
  narrow 
  band 
  

   with 
  some 
  a 
  little 
  enlarged 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  somewhat 
  pointing 
  

   forward 
  along 
  outer 
  face 
  at 
  front 
  of 
  premaxillary 
  ; 
  verte- 
  

   brae 
  in 
  one 
  count 
  16+23; 
  body 
  somewhat 
  compressed 
  ven- 
  

   trally 
  (east-coast 
  streams 
  of 
  Veracruz, 
  Mexico). 
  

  

  Xenatherina 
  Regan 
  

   26&. 
  Scales 
  normally 
  present 
  on 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  head 
  and 
  body 
  

   or, 
  if 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  tendency 
  for 
  scales 
  to 
  be 
  lacking 
  on 
  head 
  

   and 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  base 
  of 
  pectoral 
  fin, 
  ascending 
  premaxillary 
  

   processes 
  spinelibe 
  and 
  not 
  broad-based 
  triangular 
  plates. 
  

   27c. 
  Jaws 
  produced 
  into 
  an 
  angular 
  beak; 
  lower 
  jaw 
  a 
  little 
  

   longer 
  than 
  upper 
  or 
  equal 
  to 
  it, 
  with 
  exposed 
  part 
  of 
  

   premaxillary 
  at 
  front 
  of 
  snout 
  long, 
  equaling 
  two-thirds 
  

   interorbital 
  space 
  ; 
  ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  a 
  

   broad-based 
  triangular 
  plate 
  (fig. 
  4&) 
  ; 
  anus 
  closer 
  to 
  

   anal 
  origin 
  than 
  to 
  pelvic 
  base; 
  origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  a 
  

   little 
  behind 
  anal 
  origin 
  ; 
  teeth 
  conical, 
  in 
  two 
  rows 
  

   anteriorly, 
  one 
  row 
  along 
  sides 
  ; 
  no 
  sheath 
  of 
  scales 
  

   along 
  anal 
  fin 
  base; 
  base 
  of 
  last 
  ray 
  of 
  second 
  dorsal 
  

   over 
  base 
  of 
  fourth 
  from 
  last 
  anal 
  ray 
  ; 
  margin 
  of 
  scales 
  

   entire 
  ; 
  anus 
  just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  anal 
  origin 
  ; 
  vertebrae 
  in 
  

   one 
  count 
  20-f-21 
  (fresh 
  waters 
  of 
  eastern 
  North 
  Amer- 
  

   ica 
  northward 
  to 
  southern 
  Michigan 
  and 
  Lake 
  Ontario). 
  

  

  Labidesthes 
  Cope 
  

   276. 
  Upper 
  jaw 
  rounded, 
  not 
  beaklike, 
  or 
  if 
  upper 
  jaw 
  is 
  angular 
  

   and 
  somewhat 
  pointed, 
  lower 
  jaw 
  projecting; 
  ascending 
  

   premaxillary 
  process 
  a 
  narrow-based, 
  bony, 
  spinelike 
  

   projection 
  or 
  a 
  broad-based 
  triangular 
  plate 
  ; 
  anus 
  located 
  

   just 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  anal 
  origin 
  or 
  much 
  closer 
  to 
  anal 
  origin 
  

   than 
  to 
  pelvic 
  insertions. 
  

   28a. 
  Origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  notably 
  behind 
  anal 
  origin, 
  at 
  

   least 
  over 
  or 
  behind 
  base 
  of 
  second 
  branched 
  anal-fin 
  

   ray 
  ; 
  belly 
  sharply 
  compressed 
  or 
  somewhat 
  rounded. 
  

   29a. 
  Origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  over 
  middle 
  of 
  length 
  of 
  anal- 
  

   fin 
  base 
  ; 
  belly 
  sharply 
  compressed, 
  carinate 
  ; 
  pectoral 
  

   fins 
  about 
  one 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  length 
  of 
  head; 
  posterior 
  

   margins 
  of 
  scales 
  dentate 
  ; 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  scales 
  below 
  

   eye; 
  no 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  along 
  base 
  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  (west 
  

  

  coast 
  of 
  Panama) 
  Atherinella 
  Steindachner 
  

  

  29&. 
  Origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  over 
  front 
  of 
  anal-fin 
  base, 
  

   notably 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  middle 
  of 
  length 
  of 
  anal-fin 
  base, 
  

   but 
  over 
  or 
  behind 
  base 
  of 
  second 
  branched 
  anal 
  ray 
  ; 
  

   belly 
  compressed 
  or 
  rounded, 
  not 
  carinate. 
  

   30a. 
  Ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  a 
  narrow-based 
  spine- 
  

   like 
  projection, 
  not 
  triangular; 
  lower 
  jaw 
  included 
  

   or 
  nearly 
  equal 
  ; 
  belly 
  somewhat 
  compressed 
  ; 
  a 
  

   sheath 
  of 
  scales 
  along 
  anal-fin 
  base 
  for 
  its 
  entire 
  

  

  