﻿SIX 
  SUBFAMILIES 
  OF 
  ATHERINIDAE 
  — 
  SCHULTZ 
  13 
  

  

  fin 
  in 
  advance 
  of 
  anal-fin 
  origin 
  ; 
  pelvic 
  axillary 
  

  

  scale, 
  if 
  present, 
  very 
  small, 
  not 
  over 
  two-thirds 
  

  

  diameter 
  of 
  pupil. 
  

  

  33a. 
  Postorbital 
  length 
  of 
  head 
  contained 
  more 
  than 
  

  

  twice 
  in 
  length 
  of 
  anal-fin 
  base 
  ; 
  scales 
  normally 
  

  

  formed 
  on 
  anterior 
  part 
  of 
  body 
  and 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  

  

  pectoral-fin 
  base; 
  teeth 
  of 
  outer 
  and 
  inner 
  rows 
  

  

  about 
  of 
  equal 
  size, 
  a 
  little 
  enlarged; 
  vertebrae 
  

  

  17 
  to 
  21 
  + 
  19 
  to 
  27; 
  no 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  along 
  base 
  

  

  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  ; 
  greatest 
  depth 
  of 
  body 
  4i^ 
  to 
  7 
  times 
  

  

  in 
  standard 
  length 
  ; 
  soft 
  rays 
  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  13 
  to 
  28 
  

  

  (Nova 
  Scotia 
  to 
  mouth 
  of 
  Rio 
  Grande, 
  Tex., 
  in 
  

  

  fresh 
  and 
  salt 
  waters) 
  Menidia 
  Bonaparte 
  

  

  Soh. 
  Postorbital 
  length 
  of 
  head 
  contained 
  1 
  to 
  1% 
  times 
  

   in 
  length 
  of 
  anal-fin 
  base 
  ; 
  teeth 
  minute 
  in 
  a 
  nar- 
  

   row 
  band 
  in 
  both 
  jaws; 
  greatest 
  depth 
  of 
  body 
  

   2%o 
  to 
  5% 
  times 
  in 
  standard 
  length. 
  

   34a. 
  Scales 
  lacking 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  base 
  of 
  pectoral 
  fin 
  and 
  

   irregularly 
  lacking 
  on 
  head 
  and 
  on 
  front 
  part 
  

   of 
  body; 
  vertebrae 
  in 
  one 
  count 
  16+22; 
  no 
  

   scales 
  along 
  base 
  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  ; 
  soft 
  rays 
  of 
  anal 
  

   fin 
  13 
  to 
  I'Q 
  (fresh 
  water, 
  Laguna 
  de 
  Alcbichica, 
  

  

  Puebla, 
  Mexico) 
  Poblana 
  de 
  Buen 
  

  

  34b. 
  Scales 
  normally 
  formed 
  on 
  head, 
  body, 
  and 
  in 
  

   front 
  of 
  base 
  of 
  pectoral 
  fin 
  ; 
  vertebrae 
  in 
  one 
  

   count 
  14+18; 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  scales 
  at 
  front 
  of 
  

   anal-fin 
  base 
  forming 
  a 
  rudimentary 
  sheath 
  an- 
  

   teriorly 
  ; 
  soft 
  rays 
  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  9 
  to 
  14 
  (Key 
  West, 
  

  

  Fla., 
  and 
  Yucatan) 
  Menidiella, 
  new 
  genus 
  

  

  326. 
  Lower 
  jaw 
  included, 
  a 
  little 
  shorter 
  than 
  upper 
  jaw; 
  

   ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  moderately 
  broad- 
  

   based 
  but 
  forming 
  an 
  elongate 
  triangular 
  platelike 
  

   projection, 
  usually 
  longer 
  than 
  pupil 
  ; 
  posterior 
  

   margin 
  of 
  premaxillary 
  angular 
  (fig. 
  4c) 
  ; 
  origin 
  of 
  

   first 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  over 
  or 
  nearly 
  over 
  anal 
  origin, 
  some- 
  

   times 
  over 
  base 
  of 
  first 
  branched 
  anal-fin 
  ray; 
  

   axillary 
  .scale 
  of 
  pelvic 
  fin 
  three-fourths 
  diameter 
  of 
  

   eye; 
  vertebrae 
  in 
  three 
  counts 
  17 
  or 
  18+20 
  to 
  23; 
  

   teeth 
  in 
  outer 
  row 
  of 
  upper 
  jaw 
  enlarged, 
  consisting 
  

   of 
  6 
  to 
  10 
  widely 
  spaced 
  ones 
  at 
  front 
  of 
  jaw, 
  within 
  

   this 
  outer 
  row 
  a 
  narrow 
  band 
  of 
  villiform 
  teeth 
  ; 
  

   teeth 
  of 
  lower 
  jaw 
  similar 
  but 
  more 
  numerous 
  than 
  

   in 
  outer 
  row 
  (Venezuela 
  to 
  Brazil, 
  iu 
  fresh, 
  brackish, 
  

  

  and 
  salt 
  waters) 
  Xenomelaniris, 
  new 
  genus 
  

  

  24&. 
  Air 
  bladder 
  or 
  posterior 
  end 
  of 
  body 
  cavity 
  notably 
  not 
  reaching 
  anal- 
  

   fin 
  origin. 
  

   35o. 
  Dorsal 
  surface 
  of 
  snout 
  with 
  four 
  shallow 
  glandlike 
  depressions 
  ; 
  

   anus 
  far 
  in 
  advance 
  of 
  anal-fin 
  origin 
  ; 
  origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  

   over 
  anal 
  origin 
  or 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  it 
  ; 
  ascending 
  premaxillary 
  

   process 
  a 
  narrow-based, 
  elongate, 
  spinelike 
  projection 
  (fig. 
  4e) 
  ; 
  

   a 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  present, 
  at 
  least 
  anteriorly 
  along 
  anal-fin 
  base 
  ; 
  

  

  