﻿SIX 
  SUBFAMILIES 
  OF 
  ATHERINIDAE 
  — 
  SCHULTZ 
  15 
  

  

  38&. 
  Origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  over 
  bases 
  of 
  fourth 
  or 
  fiftli 
  branched 
  

   rays 
  of 
  anal 
  fin; 
  teeth 
  pointed, 
  a 
  little 
  enlarged, 
  in 
  two 
  

   rows 
  on 
  jaws 
  ; 
  anal-fin 
  base 
  with 
  a 
  wide 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  

   composed 
  of 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  scales 
  along 
  its 
  entire 
  length; 
  

   silvery 
  lateral 
  band 
  somewhat 
  constricted 
  on 
  caudal 
  

   peduncle, 
  bordered 
  above 
  with 
  a 
  dark 
  line; 
  scales 
  39 
  to 
  

   40 
  from 
  upper 
  edge 
  of 
  gill 
  opening 
  to 
  midbase 
  of 
  caudal 
  

   fin 
  ; 
  predorsal 
  scales 
  about 
  18 
  ; 
  scales 
  around 
  caudal 
  

   peduncle 
  12 
  to 
  16 
  ; 
  maxillary 
  reaching 
  to 
  below 
  front 
  part 
  

   of 
  eye; 
  vertebrae 
  in 
  one 
  count 
  14+27 
  (Pacific 
  side 
  of 
  

   Panama 
  and 
  Atlantic 
  from 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Venezuela 
  to 
  Brazil). 
  

  

  Coleotropis 
  Myers 
  and 
  Wade 
  

   376. 
  Vertebrae 
  18 
  to 
  21+25 
  or 
  26 
  (based 
  on 
  three 
  counts) 
  ; 
  

   posterior 
  margins 
  of 
  scales 
  crenulate 
  ; 
  belly 
  rounded 
  or 
  

   slightly 
  compressed 
  ; 
  ascending 
  premaxillary 
  process 
  a 
  nar- 
  

   row-based 
  spinelike 
  projection 
  ; 
  anal-fin 
  origin 
  much 
  closer 
  

   to 
  caudal-fin 
  base 
  than 
  to 
  rear 
  edge 
  of 
  head 
  ; 
  no 
  scaly 
  

   sheath 
  along 
  base 
  of 
  anal 
  fin 
  ; 
  silvery 
  lateral 
  band 
  some- 
  

   what 
  constricted 
  on 
  caudal 
  peduncle; 
  origin 
  of 
  first 
  dorsal 
  

   fin 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  anal 
  origin, 
  nearly 
  over 
  anus 
  ; 
  base 
  of 
  dorsal 
  

   without 
  scaly 
  sheath 
  (Pacific, 
  from 
  Gulf 
  of 
  California 
  to 
  

   Panama) 
  Hubbesia 
  Jordan 
  

  

  Subfamily 
  Atherininae 
  

  

  This 
  subfamily 
  as 
  previously 
  understood 
  by 
  authors 
  must 
  be 
  further 
  

   restricted 
  in 
  the 
  light 
  of 
  information 
  evolved 
  in 
  the 
  present 
  study. 
  

   This 
  restriction 
  should 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  by 
  Jordan 
  and 
  Hubbs 
  in 
  their 
  

   review, 
  especially 
  since 
  Clementina 
  Borsieri 
  furnished 
  such 
  beautiful 
  

   illustrations 
  of 
  the 
  modified 
  vertebrae 
  and 
  premaxillaries 
  in 
  the 
  Annali 
  

   di 
  Agricoltura 
  1902, 
  No. 
  233, 
  pis. 
  6-10, 
  1904, 
  to 
  which 
  they 
  refer. 
  

   Parts 
  of 
  these 
  plates 
  are 
  herein 
  reproduced 
  (pis. 
  1, 
  2) 
  . 
  

  

  The 
  subfamily 
  Atherininae, 
  as 
  here 
  restricted, 
  includes 
  those 
  silver- 
  

   sides 
  with 
  the 
  posterior 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  premaxillary 
  not 
  dilated 
  or 
  notably 
  

   broadened, 
  that 
  have 
  the 
  air 
  bladder 
  tapering 
  to 
  a 
  point 
  posteriorly 
  

   and 
  entering 
  about 
  three 
  to 
  six 
  of 
  the 
  haemal 
  arches, 
  the 
  latter 
  with 
  

   broadened 
  hypophyses. 
  Species 
  referable 
  to 
  this 
  group 
  of 
  which 
  I 
  

   have 
  examined 
  specimens 
  came 
  from 
  the 
  coasts 
  of 
  France, 
  Italy, 
  Greece, 
  

   and 
  the 
  Caspian 
  Sea 
  and 
  southern 
  Australia. 
  Undoubtedly 
  the 
  sub- 
  

   family 
  is 
  not 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  and 
  Caspian 
  Basins, 
  and 
  

   the 
  southern 
  Australian 
  region 
  and 
  its 
  range 
  should 
  be 
  extended 
  as 
  

   species 
  not 
  available 
  to 
  me 
  are 
  studied. 
  I 
  do 
  not 
  know 
  whether 
  this 
  

   type 
  of 
  silversides 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  Eed 
  Sea. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  any 
  

   kind 
  that 
  the 
  Atherininae 
  as 
  here 
  restricted 
  occur 
  in 
  American 
  waters 
  

   as 
  I 
  have 
  examined 
  the 
  vertebral 
  column 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  American 
  species 
  of 
  

   silversides 
  heretofore 
  referred 
  to 
  that 
  subfamily. 
  

  

  In 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  similarity 
  of 
  the 
  ascending 
  premaxillary 
  processes 
  in 
  

   the 
  various 
  species 
  referable 
  to 
  this 
  subfamily, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  shown 
  on 
  

  

  