﻿PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  issued 
  \\^i\Xj^ 
  V^Mi 
  ^H 
  '^"^ 
  

  

  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION 
  

  

  U. 
  S. 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  

   Vol. 
  98 
  Washington: 
  1948 
  No. 
  3220 
  

  

  A 
  EEVISION 
  OF 
  SIX 
  SUBFAMILIES 
  OF 
  ATHERINE 
  

   FISHES, 
  WITH 
  DESCEIPTIONS 
  OF 
  NEW 
  GENEKA 
  

  

  AND 
  SPECIES 
  

  

  By 
  Leoxard 
  P. 
  Schultz 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  fishes 
  that 
  I 
  collected 
  in 
  1942 
  in 
  the 
  Lago 
  de 
  Maracaibo 
  

   Basin 
  of 
  Venezuela 
  I 
  found 
  some 
  aberrant 
  silversides 
  that 
  were 
  at- 
  

   tracted 
  to 
  a 
  light 
  at 
  night. 
  In 
  an 
  endeavor 
  to 
  place 
  these 
  in 
  the 
  proper 
  

   genus, 
  I 
  began 
  a 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  American 
  genera 
  of 
  silversides, 
  using 
  

   as 
  a 
  basis 
  the 
  1919 
  review 
  of 
  the 
  group 
  by 
  Jordan 
  and 
  Hubbs^ 
  and 
  

   more 
  recent 
  papers 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Hubbs. 
  Soon 
  it 
  became 
  apparent 
  that 
  an 
  

   enormous 
  amount 
  of 
  work 
  still 
  needed 
  to 
  be 
  done 
  on 
  these 
  fishes, 
  es- 
  

   pecially 
  on 
  osteology, 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  clarify 
  the 
  status 
  and 
  relationships 
  

   of 
  the 
  various 
  genera 
  of 
  Atherinidae 
  and 
  that 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  necessarj^ 
  

   to 
  include 
  in 
  my 
  study 
  all 
  the 
  genera 
  of 
  silversides, 
  starting 
  with 
  the 
  

   genotypes 
  of 
  each 
  genus. 
  Jordan 
  and 
  Hubbs' 
  revision 
  has 
  served 
  a 
  

   most 
  useful 
  purpose 
  for 
  many 
  years, 
  but 
  as 
  new 
  material 
  became 
  

   available 
  for 
  study 
  it 
  was 
  inevitable 
  that 
  new 
  characters 
  would 
  be 
  

   discovered 
  and 
  new 
  conclusions 
  reached. 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  particularly 
  

   that 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  genera 
  said 
  by 
  them 
  to 
  be 
  related 
  are 
  not 
  closely 
  re- 
  

   lated. 
  Study 
  of 
  the 
  significance 
  of 
  the 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  air 
  bladder 
  

   into 
  the 
  haemal 
  arches 
  of 
  the 
  caudal 
  vertebrae, 
  neglected 
  by 
  most 
  

   previous 
  ichthyologists, 
  has 
  helped 
  to 
  clarify 
  the 
  picture 
  in 
  this 
  

   family. 
  

  

  This 
  study 
  includes 
  all 
  the 
  atherine 
  fishes 
  commonly 
  known 
  as 
  sil- 
  

   versides 
  except 
  the 
  subfamilies 
  Melanotaeniinae, 
  Bedotiinae, 
  and 
  

   Rheoclinae. 
  These 
  subfamilies, 
  which 
  were 
  recognized 
  by 
  Jordan 
  and 
  

  

  ^ 
  Jordan, 
  David 
  Starr, 
  and 
  Hubbs, 
  Carl 
  Leavitt, 
  Studies 
  in 
  ichthyology 
  : 
  A 
  monographic 
  

   review 
  of 
  the 
  family 
  Atherinidae 
  or 
  silversides. 
  Leland 
  Stanford 
  Junior 
  Univ. 
  Publ., 
  

   Univ. 
  Ser. 
  [No. 
  40], 
  87 
  pp., 
  12 
  pis., 
  1919. 
  

  

  763520—48 
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