﻿SIX 
  SUBFAMILIES 
  OF 
  ATHERINIDAE 
  — 
  SCHULTZ 
  

  

  35 
  

  

  Description. 
  — 
  Detailed 
  measurements 
  were 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  holotype 
  

   and 
  two 
  paratypes, 
  and 
  these 
  data, 
  expressed 
  in 
  hundredths 
  of 
  the 
  

   standard 
  length, 
  are 
  recorded 
  in 
  table 
  1. 
  

  

  Greatest 
  depth 
  of 
  body 
  about 
  Si/o 
  to 
  5%, 
  head 
  41/2 
  to 
  4%, 
  both 
  in 
  

   standard 
  length; 
  snout 
  3^^ 
  to 
  3%, 
  orbit 
  3I/3 
  to 
  3^/^, 
  interorbital 
  3 
  

   to 
  3I/3, 
  all 
  in 
  length 
  of 
  head; 
  premaxillary 
  a 
  little 
  curved, 
  causing 
  

   gape 
  of 
  mouth 
  to 
  be 
  somewhat 
  concave 
  ; 
  mouth 
  rather 
  small, 
  the 
  maxil- 
  

   lary 
  not 
  reaching 
  to 
  front 
  of 
  orbit; 
  gill 
  rakers 
  slender, 
  the 
  longest 
  

   about 
  two-thirds 
  diameter 
  of 
  pupil; 
  rear 
  margin 
  of 
  pupil 
  about 
  in 
  

   middle 
  of 
  length 
  of 
  head 
  ; 
  pelvic 
  fin 
  insertions 
  a 
  little 
  closer 
  to 
  upper 
  

   angle 
  of 
  pectoral-fin 
  base 
  than 
  to 
  anal 
  origin 
  ; 
  anal 
  origin 
  equidistant 
  

   between 
  midbase 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  and 
  second 
  third 
  of 
  length 
  of 
  opercle 
  ; 
  

   first 
  dorsal 
  origin 
  conspicuously 
  a 
  little 
  in 
  front 
  of 
  a 
  line 
  through 
  

   anal 
  origin; 
  second 
  dorsal 
  origin 
  about 
  over 
  base 
  of 
  sixth 
  from 
  last 
  

   anal-fin 
  rays 
  ; 
  pelvic 
  fins 
  short, 
  usually 
  reaching 
  a 
  trifle 
  over 
  halfway 
  

   to 
  anal 
  origin; 
  the 
  anus 
  is 
  located 
  nearly 
  equidistant 
  between 
  anal 
  ori- 
  

   gin 
  and 
  pelvic 
  bases, 
  but 
  much 
  closer 
  to 
  pelvic 
  bases 
  in 
  the 
  smaller 
  ones 
  ; 
  

   the 
  body 
  cavity 
  extends 
  only 
  a 
  trifle 
  past 
  anal 
  opening 
  ; 
  the 
  ascending 
  

   premaxillary 
  processes 
  are 
  long, 
  slender, 
  with 
  narrow 
  bases, 
  not 
  tri- 
  

   angular 
  in 
  shape; 
  pectoral 
  fins 
  pointed, 
  reaching 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  

   past 
  pelvic 
  bases; 
  interorbital 
  space 
  a 
  little 
  convex; 
  belly 
  rounded; 
  

   posterior 
  margins 
  of 
  scales 
  entire 
  ; 
  silvery 
  lateral 
  band 
  present, 
  wider 
  

   than 
  pupil 
  anteriorly, 
  but 
  constricted 
  a 
  little 
  on 
  caudal 
  peduncle 
  where 
  

   it 
  is 
  not 
  quite 
  so 
  wide 
  as 
  pupil 
  ; 
  least 
  depth 
  of 
  caudal 
  peduncle 
  214 
  to 
  

  

  Figure 
  5. 
  — 
  Diagrammatic 
  sketches 
  of 
  the 
  mandibles 
  of 
  certain 
  species 
  of 
  Atherinidae, 
  

   dentition 
  omitted: 
  A, 
  Leuresthes 
  tenuis 
  (Ayers), 
  based 
  on 
  U.S.N.M. 
  No. 
  54493 
  from 
  

   California; 
  B, 
  Xenomelaniris 
  brasiliensis 
  (Quoy 
  and 
  Gaimard), 
  based 
  on 
  U.S.N.M. 
  No. 
  

   100901 
  from 
  Brazil; 
  C, 
  Ausiromenidia 
  regia 
  (Humboldt), 
  based 
  on 
  U.S.N.M. 
  No. 
  77293 
  

   from 
  Lota, 
  Chile; 
  D, 
  Adenops 
  analis, 
  new 
  species, 
  based 
  on 
  U.S.N.M. 
  No. 
  121823, 
  para- 
  

   types 
  from 
  Venezuela. 
  

  

  