﻿334 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.98 
  

  

  of 
  both 
  authors 
  that 
  Simla 
  capucina 
  is 
  the 
  black 
  white-fronted 
  cebid 
  

   may 
  be 
  accepted. 
  Their 
  identification 
  of 
  BufTon's 
  sa'i 
  a 
  gorge 
  blanche 
  

   and 
  of 
  Humboldt's 
  hypoleucus 
  with 
  S. 
  capucina 
  is 
  not 
  valid, 
  however. 
  

  

  Other 
  described 
  black 
  white-fronted 
  monkeys 
  are 
  now 
  generally 
  

   held 
  to 
  be 
  either 
  subspecies 
  or 
  synonyms 
  of 
  C. 
  capucinus. 
  These 
  

   are 
  imitator 
  Thomas, 
  curtus 
  Bangs, 
  nigripectus 
  Elliot, 
  and 
  limitaneus 
  

   Hollister. 
  

  

  Simia 
  capucina 
  Linnaeus 
  (1766, 
  p. 
  42). 
  The 
  primary 
  reference 
  is 
  

   the 
  same 
  as 
  for 
  the 
  Simia 
  capucina 
  of 
  1758, 
  viz, 
  "mus. 
  Ad. 
  Fr. 
  2, 
  t. 
  2," 
  

   but 
  the 
  diagnosis 
  is 
  modified 
  and 
  the 
  habitat, 
  Surinam, 
  is 
  added. 
  The 
  

   next 
  reference 
  is 
  to 
  Brisson's 
  sapajou 
  brun 
  ("Regnum 
  Animale," 
  p. 
  193, 
  

   1756). 
  The 
  detailed 
  description 
  that 
  follows 
  has 
  only 
  a 
  superficial 
  

   resemblance 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  sapajou 
  brun, 
  the 
  original 
  of 
  which 
  was 
  in 
  

   the 
  museum 
  of 
  M. 
  de 
  Reaumur, 
  in 
  Paris. 
  The 
  Linnaean 
  description 
  

   may 
  have 
  been 
  based 
  on 
  an 
  actual 
  specimen 
  or, 
  more 
  probably, 
  

   composed 
  on 
  the 
  basis 
  of 
  mounted 
  specimens 
  and 
  published 
  descrip- 
  

   tions. 
  In 
  its 
  totality 
  the 
  1766 
  description 
  is 
  certainly 
  not 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   Simia 
  capucina 
  of 
  1758. 
  In 
  certain 
  respects 
  the 
  secondary 
  description 
  

   could 
  apply 
  to 
  the 
  "tufted" 
  apella. 
  In 
  other 
  respects, 
  chiefly 
  by 
  

   omissions, 
  it 
  could 
  apply 
  to 
  the 
  brown 
  "untufted" 
  monkey 
  that 
  

   was 
  identified 
  by 
  early 
  post-Linnaean 
  authors 
  as 
  Cebus 
  capucinus 
  but 
  

   that, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  homonymity, 
  should 
  be 
  Imown 
  as 
  C. 
  nigrivittatus. 
  

  

  Elliot 
  (1907c, 
  p. 
  227) 
  concerned 
  himself 
  with 
  an 
  attempt 
  to 
  identify 
  

   the 
  Simia 
  capucina 
  of 
  1766. 
  He 
  concluded 
  that 
  it 
  was 
  the 
  same 
  as 
  

   C. 
  apella, 
  which 
  according 
  to 
  his 
  own 
  description 
  is 
  clearly 
  a 
  "tufted" 
  

   cebid. 
  He 
  was 
  lamentably 
  confused, 
  however, 
  in 
  asserting 
  that 
  

   C. 
  apella 
  is 
  the 
  same 
  that 
  early 
  authors 
  had 
  inappropriately 
  identified 
  

   as 
  C. 
  capucinus. 
  As 
  is 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  discussions 
  below, 
  these 
  authors, 
  

   all 
  more 
  versed 
  than 
  Elliot 
  in 
  the 
  zoology 
  and 
  taxonomy 
  of 
  American 
  

   primates, 
  had 
  consistently 
  identified 
  the 
  "tufted" 
  C. 
  apella 
  as 
  C. 
  apella 
  

   and, 
  sometimes, 
  as 
  C.fatuellus, 
  a 
  synonym 
  of 
  apella. 
  Thomas 
  (1911, 
  

   p. 
  128), 
  in 
  attempting 
  to 
  fix 
  the 
  basis 
  for 
  C. 
  apella, 
  referred 
  to 
  Elliot 
  

   as 
  authority 
  for 
  its 
  identity 
  with 
  capucinus 
  of 
  authors. 
  While 
  it 
  

   may 
  be 
  arbitrary 
  to 
  regard 
  the 
  Simia 
  capucina 
  of 
  Linnaeus, 
  1766, 
  as 
  

   a 
  synonym 
  of 
  apella, 
  the 
  identity 
  of 
  C. 
  capucinus 
  of 
  authors 
  with 
  

   C. 
  apella 
  is 
  wholly 
  untenable. 
  

  

  Cebus 
  capucinus 
  Erxleben 
  (1777, 
  p. 
  48). 
  The 
  genus 
  Cebus 
  was 
  

   here 
  erected 
  to 
  accommodate 
  several 
  Neotropical 
  species 
  of 
  primates 
  

   including 
  the 
  ceboid 
  capucinus, 
  apella, 
  trepidus, 
  &nd 
  fatuellus. 
  Distinct 
  

   genera 
  were 
  subsequently 
  created 
  for 
  other 
  species 
  and 
  the 
  genus 
  

   Cebus 
  was 
  left 
  for 
  those 
  named 
  above. 
  No 
  genotype 
  was 
  designated 
  

   until 
  Elliot 
  (1907a, 
  p. 
  560) 
  did 
  so 
  by 
  electing 
  Simia 
  capucina 
  Linnaeus. 
  

   The 
  capucinus 
  of 
  Erxleben 
  is 
  a 
  composite. 
  It 
  can 
  be 
  "tufted" 
  or 
  

   "untufted" 
  and 
  brown, 
  black, 
  or 
  gray 
  on 
  back, 
  head, 
  tail, 
  and 
  limbs. 
  

  

  