REVISION OF CARCHARHINID SHARK GENERA — SPRINGER 601 



(1: ca. 343), USNM 151239 (1: ca. 332). north Borneo: Sandakan, 

 CNHM 23259 (1: 372), USNM 151237 (1: ca. 301), SU 27725 (2: 

 335-416), CNHM 21880 (1 : ca. 420). Sarawak: Santubong, BMNH 

 1894.1.19.88 (1: 420). Formosa: Tam Shui [Tanshui] ,Taipei Hsien, 

 USNM 191192 (1: 820); Takao [Kashiung], CNHM 52099 (1: 285, 

 embryo), CNHM 59261 (1: 909). japan: BMNH 1862.11.1.80-132 

 (1: 576). HELGOLAND [undoubtedly an error]: SMNS 139 (1: 400). 



Rhizoprionodon (Rhizoprionodon) terraenovae Richardson 



Plate 2a 



Squalus (Carcharias) terraenovae Richardson, 1836, Fauna Boreali Americana, 

 vol. 3, p. 289 (oCF Newfoundland). 



Diagnosis. — Upper labial furrow well developed, 1.6-2.2 percent 

 of t.l.; precaudal centra markedly elongate in posterior monospondylous 

 region (plate 2a) ; precaudal vertebrae less in number than caudal 

 vertebrae; anterior margin of pectoral fin usually longer than total 

 length of first dorsal fin (32 out of 37 specimens); snout in front of 

 nostrils 3.8-4.5 percent of t.l. in specimens less than 575 mm. t.l., 

 3.6-4.0 percent of t.l. in specimens over 575 mm. t.l.; total teeth in 

 outer row of upper jaw usually 25 (18 out of 20 specimens) ; total teeth 

 in outer row of lower jaw usually 24 (18 out of 20 specimens) ; total 

 enlarged hyomandibular pores on both sides of head usually more than 

 16 (52 out of 53 specimens) ; first dorsal origin usually over, or in 

 advance of, level of appressed pectoral inner corner (ranging to slightly 

 behind inner corner) ; origin of second dorsal fin ranges from above 

 midpoint of anal base to over posterior fifth of anal base; tip of 

 appressed pectoral fin reaches beyond level of anterior third offii'st 

 dorsal base. Males maturing at sizes over 640 mm. 



Description (see also table 11). — Precaudal vertebrae 58-66 

 (66 in only 1 specimen out of 74; table 12); caudal vertebrae 67-81; 

 total vertebrae 126-144; upper teeth 11-1-12 to 13-1-13 (usually 

 12-1-12) ; lower teeth 12-12 to 13-13 (usually 12-12); cusps of some 

 upper teeth in large specimens faintly to moderately serrulate; cusps 

 of lower teeth adumbrating this condition; dentition of mature males 

 and females similar (at least to sizes of about 840 mm.); enlarged 

 hyomandibular pores 8-18 on each side of head. 



Denticles imbricate, 3-ridged and 3-toothed in young; 3- to 5- 

 ridged and 3- to 5-toothed or irregularly margined in adults. 



Color of preserved specimens variable: Body slate gray, buff or 

 gray brown above, large specimens frequently with a few scattered 

 round pale spots about one-third eye diameter; body pale below. 

 Pectorals dark with pale distal edges; pel vies and anal pale or dusky; 

 caudal dark with a black border, except for anterior and sometimes 



