SECRETARY'S REPORT 59 
cooperative training in anthropological teaching and research with 
the other American republics. During the past year it was financed 
by transfers from the Department of State totaling $97,900 from the 
appropriation “Cooperation with the American Republics, 1949.” 
Long-range planning for the Institute became increasingly difficult 
during the year because of threatened budget reductions for the fiscal 
year of 1950. Otherwise, the Institute continued to function much 
as in previous years, and good work was done by all staff members. 
Principal activities were as follow: 
Washington office—Dr. George M. Foster, Director of the Institute 
of Social Anthropology, made a 3-weeks trip to Spain in November 
1948 to investigate the possibility of ethnographical field work in that 
country, with a view to throwing additional light on the development 
of the contemporary cultures of Hispanic America. In March 1949 
Dr. Foster made a second trip to Spain, serving as Smithsonian 
Institution delegate at the centennial celebration of the Royal 
Academy of Natural, Exact, and Physical Sciences of Madrid. Dr. 
Gordon R. Willey assumed direction of the Institute of Social Anthro- 
pology during Dr. Foster’s absence. 
Upon the recommendation of the Director a grant-in-aid was ex- 
tended by the Department of State to bring Dr. Luis Duque Gémez, 
Director of the Instituto Etnolégico y Servicio de Arqueologia of 
Bogoté, Colombia, to the United States for a 3-months period, Oc- 
tober 1948 to January 1949. An itinerary was arranged by Dr. 
Foster whereby Dr. Duque was able to visit the larger universities and 
anthropological centers in the United States both in the East and in 
the West. Also upon the recommendation of the Director, a like 
invitation was extended to Dr. José Cruxent, Director of the Museo de 
Ciencias Naturales in Caracas, Venezuela. Dr. Cruxent is expected 
to arrive in the United States in August 1949. 
Brazil.—Drs. Donald Pierson, sociologist, and Kalervo Oberg, social 
anthropologist, continued to give courses at the Escola Livre de 
Sociologia e Politica in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Dr. Pierson, assisted by 
students from the school, completed field work in the caboclo com- 
munity of “A Vila” near Séo Paulo, and completed a manuscript 
describing this work. Dr. Pierson also served as official observer of 
the United States Government at the UNESCO Conference held in 
Montevideo, Uruguay, September 6-10, 1948, to consider ways and 
means of stimulating the development of science in Latin America. 
He was brought to the United States at the end of June 1949, for con- 
sultation on future plans for work in Brazil. Dr. Oberg spent July 
and part of August 1948 in field work among the Indians of the 
headwaters of the Xingi River. In June 1949 he left on a 3-months 
trip to the Paressi and Nambiquara groups, northwest of Cuiabé in 
