MOUNT TERROR. — WINTER QUARTERS. 
11 
the south side of the mountain. The other exposure has been termed the Sultans 
Head, and Mr. Hodgson here obtained some bedded yellow tuffs. (785 to 793), also 
some fragments of vesicular basalt (795). 
At Cape Crozier (Fig. 5) itself, at sea-level, a stratified palagonite-tuff (228 to 230) 
was seen bedded parallel to the present slope of Mount Terror and dipping to the west 
beneath a basaltic lava-flow. This tuff is brown in colour and is very friable, crumbling 
easily into rounded pellets about an eighth of an inch in diameter. The surface of the 
rock was whitened by crystallisations of hydrated sodium sulphate (glauber salt). Bombs 
and a great variety of volcanic rocks, also granites (197), dolerites (210) and sandstones 
(214), were found lying about at this height, but these were usually ice-scratched (186). 
A boss about 900 feet high appears to be a pipe or plug of some now defunct volcanic 
vent; the rock (176) is a limburgite containing red and green olivine-augite nodules. 
A rounded knoll of trachyte (224), half a mile east of this boss, attains a height of 
1400 feet. Black pebbles of glassy basalt (217, 218, 219), quite similar to the 
majority of the pebbles composing the terraces a short distance lower down the hill, 
were scattered all over the surface of this trachyte-dome, and appeared to have 
been included in it, but in the short time allowed on shore no trachyte actually 
enclosing basaltic pebbles was met with. On the south side, the 900-foot boss of rock 
mentioned above adjoins a mass of yellow tuff (231) through which a grey green 
trachytic rock (188, see p. 114) seems to have been forced. From the ship many 
other parasitic vents were seen on the slopes of Mount Terror, but were not visited. 
The Winter Quarters. 
Winter Quarters were taken up near the end of a long peninsula which juts out 
southward from the base of Mount Erebus in latitude 77° 51' S., longitude 166° 45' E., and 
in this district not much information could be obtained relative to the general geological 
history of South Victoria Land (Plate II). The peninsula is 10 miles long by 2 miles 
broad, and has an average height of 700 feet. It is entirely composed of recent volcanic 
rocks, and only about four of its twenty square miles are free from snow. 
At Hutton Cliffs, a stratified basalt-tuff occurs as a cliff 500 feet high. This tuff- 
cliff is quite isolated, and is divided into two parts by the snow which falls over the 
cliff as a small glacier. The northern part (452-457) is composed of rather coarse tuff 
and is more definitely stratified than the southern (458-462) ; but for each mass the 
dip is the same, and is about 60° to the north-north-west. The rock consists mainly 
of fragments of vesicular basalt-glass and varies from yellowish-green to almost black 
in colour, but some of the hand-specimens have reddish bands of palagonite, and others 
have incrustations of calcium carbonate. These cliffs are about 5 miles distant from 
Castle Rock and 10 miles from the Turk’s Head. 
The Sulphur Cones lie on the north side of the peninsula at the foot of Castle 
R,ock and at a distance of three miles from the ship, and are so called because native 
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