X 
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. 
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Fig. 29. Crystals of ice which have grown upon a fishing line several fathoms 
BELOW THE LOWER (OR FREEZING) SURFACE OF THE SEA-ICE ..... 55 
Fig. 30.— The pack-ice, seen from the crow’s nest of the ship 56 
Fig. 31.— The ‘Discovery’ brought to a standstill by pack-ice 57 
Fig. 32.— Water-holes in sea-ice at Cape Armitage and Hut Point in January, 1904 . 58 
Fig. 33.— Sea-ice breaking away from the Winter Quarters in 1902 .... 59 
Fig. 34. — The Relief-ships forcing their way through the barrier of floe-ice in 1904 60 
Fig. 35. — The ice-foot at Hut Point 61 
Fig. 36. — Shore-ice wrapping the land near the foot of Castle Rock . . . .61 
Fig. 37.— Ice-foot and pack-ice in Wood Bay at foot of Mount Melbourne ... 65 
Fig. 38.— The Ross Piedmont from the side of Mount Terror, showing the cliff-edge 
AND FLAT UPPER SURFACE ........... 68 
Fig. 39. — Three ice-tongues falling into North Fork ....... 72 
Fig. 40. — An iceberg, over 150 feet high, tilted through nearly 90° .... 74 
Fig. 41. — Uplift of morainic material in the ice at the foot of Knob Head . . 76 
Fig. 42. — The dark band of ice-without-grain, below normal glacier-ice, at the foot 
of Knob Head ............ 77 
Fig. 43. — Moraine on the Ferrar Glacier ......... 78 
Fig. 44. — Glacier-table formed by a layer of gravel ....... 79 
Fig. 45. — Moraines on floating ice at the head of McMurdo Sound .... 80 
Fig. 46. — Moraine-cone of ice-scratched stones, on which the Balanus shells were 
found, on the floating glacier-ice in the bay between White Island and 
Black Island ............. 80 
Fig. 47. — Moraines supported by ice, on the west side of McMurdo Sound ... 81 
Fig. 48.— Undulating surface of hard “ marbled ” snow ...... 84 
Fig. 49. — The two lower men are standing upon the upper surface of sea-ice 
DEPRESSED BY SNOW BELOW WATER-LEVEL ........ 85 
Fig. 50. — Hollowed granite-boulder with incrustation of calcium carbonate, near 
Descent Pass ............. 87 
Fig. 51.— Saline Pond in moraines on west side of McMurdo Sound .... 88 
Fig. 52. — Water separating mud from gravel in the moraines on Minna Bluff . . 89 
Fig. 53. — Water-channel on floating ice in McMurdo Sound . . . ... .90 
Fig. 54. — Seaward edge of the glacier-ice floating in McMurdo Sound ... 90 
Fig. 55.— Fractured dome in the floating glacier-ice, near the spot where sodium 
sulphate crystals were found, two miles from the north end of White Island 91 
Fig. 56. — A Glacier descending from the top of Coulman Island into the sea . . 93 
Fig. 57. — The strand and the steep coast-line of the east side of Macquarie Island . 95 
Fig. 58. — The south side of Ross Harbour, Auckland Islands, showing submerged valleys 97 
Fig. 59. — Pseudomorph after hornblende, in basalt (691) from Castle Rock, showing 
inclusions of apatite. (Magnification, 10 diam.) ...... 103 
Fig. 60. — Inclusions in augite of nodule from Turtle Back Island. (Magnification, 
100 diam.) . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 
Fig. 61.— Olivine with magnetite-inclusions, from Castle Rock. (Magnification, 60 diam.) 108 
