70 
H. T. FERRAR. 
At the same time, of the ice from the upper portion of the Ferrar Glacier, part 
flows round the south side of Solitary Rocks and unites with that from Windy Gully 
and South Arm ; part ends short of the col between the Solitary Rocks (D 5 and D Ba ) 
in a gradually attenuated tongue ; and the rest, which hugs the north side, probably 
extends past D 5a to be joined by that from the two tributaries from the south. 
Captain Scott travelled down the North Fork, and tells me that the ice there ends in 
an insignificant cliff some 12 feet high, leaving the lower portion of the valley strewn 
with moraines and in part occupied by small frozen lakes. 
At y Y the height of the north wall is not more than 1000 feet above the ice, 
but by about 10 miles farther eastward the valley-bed has fallen 1000 feet while 
the adjoining mountains remain at about the same altitude. The valley deepens 
continually ; near the Kukri Hills it has fallen nearly 5000 feet below the mountains 
and is bare of ice. The south wall, west of Finger Mountain, averages 500 feet above 
the ice, though the mountains are very much higher and culminate in the tabular 
mass T. 
Windy Gully and South Arm also probably come down from the Inland-ice, 
which, about 20 miles further south, lies at an altitude of 7600 feet. The canon-like 
form of the valley, therefore, is not so pronounced here as in the North Fork. Where 
Cathedral Rocks face the Kukri Hill, the East Fork is 6 miles wide, and, having sides 
4000 feet high, is remarkably canon-like. It is about 20 miles long ; further 
eastwards it passes into the long fiord (nearly 15 miles long) which lies between 
the Lower Kukri Hills and the Northern Foothills. 
The surface of the ice is locally crevassed, and it is noticeable that the crevassed 
areas, as on Mount Erebus, stand up above the general ice-surface. Crevassed areas 
are found: (1) in the middle of the glacier, six miles north-east of Depot Nunatak ; 
(2) close to the foot of Finger Mountain, where the valley-wall begins to retreat 
southwards ; (3) close to b 2 , where the ice is forced sharply round into the Dry 
Valleys ; (4) on the south side of Solitary Rocks, where the ice enters North Fork ; 
and (5) in the middle of East Fork, opposite Cathedral Rocks and three miles from 
them. Marginal ice-cliffs are a constant feature of the glacier, and moraines are rarely 
entirely absent. 
5. Glaciers of Norwegian Type. 
The Norwegian type of glacier is well represented by the Blue Glacier referred 
to in connection with the gneissic series of rocks. The Snow Valley, which lies 
parallel to the base of Royal Society Range, has at one time fed five or six valley- 
glaciers which flowed out eastward into Discovery Gulf. All except the Blue Glacier 
have been broken across by diminution of ice-supply ; and the Blue Glacier, draining 
a very extensive firnfield, is so nearly stagnant that, where measured, it had not 
moved more than about three feet in the year.* Its length, measured from the 
* Ferrar, Geog. Journ., April 1905, vol. xxv, p. 381. 
