GLACIERS OF NORWEGIAN AND ALPINE TYPE. 
71 
point wkei’e definite banks begin to be evident, is some twelve miles ; but, if measured 
from the foot of the mountain-range, is about double that amount. 
The surface of the glacier is snow-covered, and on the north side the snowdrifts 
of the foothills quite blend with those of the glacier-ice. No definite Bergschrund 
coukl be made out. For the last four or five miles the north side of this glacier adjoins 
the land-piedmont described above ; but here again no evidence of movement was 
seen. The south side of the glacier is bare ice, and below the hill J t crevassed areas, 
as in the ice of the Ferrar Glacier, stand in relief. Again, on the south side of the 
glacier-snout, the ice stands off from the land and leaves the conspicuous channel 
noted so frequently. The ice- wall adjoining this channel shows sections of enclosed 
dirt-bands and moraine, and these are specially abundant in the lower part. As the 
cliff forming the snout is very clean and free from rock -debris, such matter as is now 
being carried must be close down upon the sole of the ice. The Koettlitz Glacier 
may belong to this class, but little is known of its upper reaches, and it apparently 
ends to the south of the Southern Foothills. At this point an ice- tongue from the 
Koettlitz Glacier breaks into the lower part of one of the minor valleys of the 
foothills, stagnates, and is no longer joined by the local glacier of the valley. The 
latter still exists as an ice-slab higher up. The main glacier advances a little further 
along its main valley and feeds the floating ice of Discovery Gulf (see Plate VI). 
Two glaciers flow into Granite Harbour and join at the sea-edge, but as their 
sources are unknown they also cannot be classified with certainty. They are peculiar 
in that they too lie in narrow valleys which have very steep and straight sides, and 
from a distance are very like the Ferrar Glacier. All these valleys lie approximately 
at right angles to the main trend of coast and mountain-range, and seem to be a 
characteristic structural feature of the region. Glaciers of similar type are quite 
numerous among the snow-covered foothills of the Admiralty Range ; some of them 
come down from valleys in the main range, while others arise in the snowfields of 
the foothills themselves. Into Robertson Bay flow some ten or twelve great glaciers 
which appear to drain the Inland-ice to the west of the mountains.* The Cape 
North portion of the mountains is traversed by at least two of the trough-like 
valleys carrying glaciers, but as the whole region is completely covered with snow 
and ice it is not easy to distinguish the types of the glaciers. 
6. Glaciers of Alpine Type : Valley-glaciers. 
The most picturesque glacier of Alpine type is that of the deep and narrow 
valley between the hills E 2 and E 3 of Cathedral Rocks. This glacier is partly 
supplied with snow from the plateau south of Cathedral Rocks. It is about five 
miles in length and one in breadth. It is crevassed from end to end. It joins the 
Ferrar Glacier about 2500 feet above sea-level, and causes at least three transverse 
buddings on the surface of the latter. 
* Bernacchi, ‘The Antarctic Manual’ (Roy. Geogr. Soc.), 1901, p. 503. 
