7 G 
Chapter X. 
THE LAND-ICE — continued. 
Englacial rock-debris may usually be seen near the terminal ends of glaciers. It 
occurs in well-defined bands interlaminated with bands of almost pure ice. The 
ice-walls which form the edge of a glacier also show rock-matter, and, as near the 
Pig. 41. — Uplift of Morainic Material in the Ice at the foot of Knob Head. 
snout, the rock-matter is more abundant in the lower layers. In the upper 
reaches of the Ferrar Glacier, the ice-cliffs though 100 feet high show only 
occasional small stones, but in the middle reaches, e.g., at the base of Knob Head 
Mountain, boulders up to four feet across were observed low down in the ice-cliff. 
These boulders are ice-scratched and sub-angular : they are mixed with numerous 
small stones and some sand. At this spot also two streams of ice meet, and at 
their junction the englacial matter is forced up 70 feet and appears as a normal 
medial moraine (Figs. 41, 42). 
