78 
II. T. FERRAR. 
On the south side of the snout of the Blue Glacier and 50 feet below the 
upper surface, there occur a channel and ice-cliff, like those of the Ivarajak 
ice-stream figured by Dr. Drygalski ; * along the channel, bands of mud and 
stones are visible in the ice-cliff. In one of the ice-slabs of the Southern Foothills 
sandy cnglacial matter occurs in much the same way as in the Ivory Glacier of 
Spitzbergen.f 
Suprciglacial matter is remarkably scarce. In this respect the glaciers of the 
Antarctic region stand in contrast with those of Switzerland or New Zealand. The 
latter are so much covered with angular rock-debris that no ice can be seen within 
three miles of the actual snout. The lateral and medial moraines on the Ferrar 
Glacier are not often as regular in distribution as moraines of other regions. 
Sometimes they begin suddenly about five miles from the nearest rock-exposure, 
and, after extending some 
way down the valley, end 
as suddenly as they began. 
Again, though bare rocks, 
such as Depot Nunatak, 
shower talus upon the ice, the 
moraine produced can only 
be followed some two or 
three miles down the valley. 
In the Dry Valleys, the 
moraines appear to be melt- 
ing off and to be falling 
back into the channels be- 
tween ice and rock. A few 
isolated moraines are also 
scattered at random over 
the surface of the invading 
Ferrar Glacier. 
The moraines which are brought down by South Arm are perhaps the most 
striking in the region. Five of them are very prominent. One in the middle of this 
tributary extends north past the base of Knob Head, then turns for a time north- 
west, and finally curves round to the north-east, and on entering the North Fork 
is lost. Two pairs of moraines, rather nearer the east side of the glacier, bend 
round into East Fork and following the ins and outs of the valley, eventually find 
their way on to the floating ice at its mouth (Plate III). This double pair, as seen 
from Descent Pass, looks like the single pair of wheel-tracks of a waggon, but, as a matter 
of experience, at least half a mile of bare ice separates one pair from the other. 
* Drygalski, ‘ Griinland -Expedition,’ 1897, Bd. i, plate 14, p. 64. 
t Garwood, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1898, vol. liv, plate 16. 
Pig. 43. — Moraine on the Feerab Glacier. 
Kukri Hills on the left, Granite-hills (G s , G 3 ) on the right. 
