96 
IT. T. FERRAR. 
extend for about 10 miles on either side of Lusitania Anchorage, where the 
‘ Discovery ’ remained for about four hours. 
The cliffs do not rise directly from the foreshore but from a slightly raised 
platform or strand about 100 yards wide, and, in many places, more or less 
covered with talus. In places the cliff is broken by steep gully-like water-courses 
coming down from the plateau behind. The exposures in these gullies show that 
the rocks all dip at about 10° to the north-west. 
Small peat-bogs occur behind the harder rock-outcrops which hold back the 
streams ; in the bogs round pebbles and sandy gravel occur. On the seaward side 
of the hard outcrops a terrace at the level of the peat-bogs behind, at least 20 feet 
above the level of the stream, extends some way towards the sea. The terrace, 
sometimes 100 yards or more in breadth, consists of stratified clays, sands and 
gravels. In plan it has the form of a delta which has been cut into by the 
present stream and it may possibly be a raised beach. The rock-specimens obtained 
are dolerites and basalts (see p. 109) which show little relationship to those from 
South Victoria Land. 
All the specimens are volcanic, many of them are slickensided, and others, 
such as (9), have obviously been considerably crushed. The specimens (1) to (6) 
inclusive were collected successively on our way up the gully. The specimen (11) 
came from a height of about 1000 feet, from a bold crag overlooking the peat- 
bogs. 
A few dykes are seen crossing the strand. One of these (13) is 20 feet across, 
and, with another (12), runs out to sea as a dangerous reef. 
Auckland Islands (Fig. 58). 
This group of islands was visited by Sir James Clarke Ross, and the specimens 
collected have been described by Dr. Prior. * 
The hills surrounding Ross Harbour rise over 1200 feet; they appear to 
be built up of series of basaltic sheets, f but owing to the extreme density of 
the vegetation few exposures could be found. These occur as “scars” or small 
cliffs, over which streams sometimes plunge as waterfalls, but the scars are seldom 
high enough to rise above the brushwood. The lowest rocks exposed along the 
shore are all basalts, and are much more porphyritic than those (879 and 880) from 
the summit of Mount Eden. All the basalts at sea-level are prominently columnar ; 
the columns are about two feet in diameter and are sometimes, e.g. Deas Head, 
300 feet high. 
The eastern coast of the main island is a maze of fiords into which flow 
the streams coming down from the western peaks. All the higher peaks lie 
* Prior, Mineralogical Magazine, 1899, vol. xii, p. 71. 
t Hector, Trans. New Zealand Inst., 1870 (1869), vol. ii, pp. 179-183. 
