﻿GENERAL 
  NOTES 
  AND 
  RESULTS. 
  17 
  

  

  bugs 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  above 
  the 
  ground 
  at 
  time 
  of 
  introducing 
  the 
  

   infection, 
  the 
  bugs 
  in 
  about 
  four 
  days 
  became 
  too 
  sick 
  to 
  attempt 
  the 
  further 
  

   feeding 
  upon 
  the 
  crop. 
  They 
  then 
  left 
  the 
  corn 
  stalks, 
  and 
  although 
  death 
  

   did 
  not 
  ensue 
  until 
  from 
  the 
  eighth 
  to 
  the 
  twelfth 
  day, 
  no 
  damage 
  was 
  done 
  

   to 
  the 
  crop 
  after 
  the 
  fourth 
  day. 
  This 
  fact 
  answers 
  the 
  objection 
  that 
  the 
  

   use 
  of 
  contagious 
  disease 
  as 
  an 
  insecticide 
  requires 
  so 
  long 
  a 
  time 
  that 
  the 
  crop 
  

   will 
  be 
  ruined 
  before 
  the 
  disease 
  has 
  taken 
  effect. 
  

  

  PROOF 
  THAT 
  DISEASE 
  WAS 
  INTRODUCED 
  INTO 
  THE 
  FIELD 
  FROM 
  THE 
  

   LABORATORY, 
  AND 
  WAS 
  NOT 
  NATURALLY 
  PRESENT. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  entire 
  progress 
  of 
  the 
  experiments 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  1891, 
  careful 
  ex- 
  

   amination 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  to 
  ascertain 
  whether 
  the 
  bugs 
  were 
  dying 
  in 
  neigh- 
  

   boring 
  fields 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  when 
  they 
  began 
  to 
  die 
  in 
  fields 
  where 
  infection 
  from 
  

   my 
  laboratory 
  had 
  been 
  placed. 
  

  

  It 
  must 
  be 
  remembered 
  that 
  these 
  contagious 
  diseases 
  of 
  the 
  chinch-bug 
  are 
  

   naturally 
  present 
  in 
  certain 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi 
  basin 
  during 
  every 
  

   year, 
  and 
  become 
  epidemic 
  over 
  large 
  portions 
  of 
  this 
  area 
  in 
  occasional 
  years. 
  

   The 
  object 
  of 
  my 
  experiments 
  has 
  been 
  to 
  artificially 
  introduce 
  the 
  diseases 
  

   at 
  times 
  when 
  they 
  are 
  not 
  naturally 
  raging 
  in 
  the 
  fields. 
  It 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  

   1891 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  a 
  natural 
  existence 
  of 
  either 
  of 
  the 
  three 
  

   diseases 
  in 
  any 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  Kansas. 
  This 
  statement 
  is 
  abundantly 
  

   substantiated 
  by 
  the 
  detailed 
  report 
  of 
  my 
  field 
  agent, 
  Mr. 
  Hickey, 
  and 
  by 
  

   the 
  reports 
  of 
  many 
  farmers. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  substantiated 
  by 
  the 
  map 
  accompany- 
  

   ing 
  this 
  report, 
  which 
  shows 
  in 
  different 
  colors 
  the 
  location 
  of 
  the 
  successful, 
  

   the 
  unsuccessful 
  and 
  the 
  doubtful 
  experiments. 
  It 
  will 
  be 
  seen 
  that 
  unsuc- 
  

   cessful 
  experiments 
  occurred 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  State 
  of 
  Kansas 
  surrounded 
  by 
  

   successful 
  experiments. 
  In 
  certain 
  restricted 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  States 
  of 
  Texas 
  

   and 
  Wisconsin, 
  at 
  least 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  chinch-bug 
  diseases 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  natur- 
  

   ally 
  present. 
  In 
  these 
  cases 
  the 
  bugs 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  already 
  dying 
  in 
  the 
  

   field 
  before 
  the 
  infection 
  from 
  my 
  laboratory 
  was 
  introduced. 
  In 
  a 
  majority 
  

   of 
  the 
  Texas 
  and 
  Wisconsin 
  counties, 
  however, 
  where 
  field 
  experiments 
  were 
  

   conducted, 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  evidence 
  of 
  a 
  natural 
  existence 
  of 
  either 
  of 
  the 
  diseases. 
  

  

  My 
  observations 
  in 
  Kansas 
  repeatedly 
  showed 
  that, 
  where 
  failures 
  occurred, 
  

   the 
  bugs 
  remained 
  ifi 
  force 
  throughout 
  the 
  season. 
  It 
  was 
  also 
  established 
  

   that 
  in 
  1891 
  the 
  disease 
  did 
  not 
  spread 
  to 
  any 
  great 
  distance 
  from 
  one 
  farm 
  

   to 
  another. 
  Although 
  in 
  many 
  counties 
  farms 
  immediately 
  adjacent 
  to 
  a 
  suc- 
  

   cessful 
  experiment 
  farm 
  received 
  the 
  contagion 
  from 
  such 
  farm, 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  

   evidence 
  of 
  a 
  general 
  epidemic 
  resulting 
  from 
  the 
  introduction 
  of 
  infection 
  

   from 
  my 
  laboratory. 
  The 
  nearest 
  approach 
  to 
  such 
  an 
  epidemic 
  appears 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  Ottawa 
  county, 
  where 
  the 
  disease 
  was 
  raging 
  among 
  the 
  

   chinch-bugs 
  in 
  several 
  adjacent 
  townships. 
  However, 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  

   packages 
  of 
  infection 
  had 
  been 
  sent 
  to 
  these 
  townships, 
  and 
  in 
  no 
  case 
  had 
  the 
  

   disease 
  appeared 
  in 
  any 
  field 
  which 
  was 
  more 
  than 
  two 
  miles 
  distant 
  from 
  a 
  

   field 
  to 
  which 
  infection 
  had 
  been 
  sent 
  from 
  my 
  laboratory. 
  (See 
  the 
  admirable 
  

   report 
  of 
  A. 
  D. 
  Todd, 
  No. 
  333.) 
  The 
  limited 
  extent 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  disease 
  gen- 
  

  

  