﻿PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  issued 
  |^b(v 
  vl 
  0?^i 
  ^y 
  ^^ 
  

  

  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Vol. 
  103 
  Washington: 
  1953 
  No. 
  3315 
  

  

  DISTRIBUTION, 
  GENERAL 
  BIONOMICS, 
  AND 
  RECOGNITION 
  

   CHARACTERS 
  OF 
  TWO 
  COCKROACHES 
  RECENTLY 
  ESTAB- 
  

   LISHED 
  IN 
  THE 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  

  

  By 
  Ashley 
  B. 
  Gurney^ 
  

  

  Introduction 
  

  

  In 
  contrast 
  to 
  the 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  cockroach 
  species 
  that 
  occur 
  

   in 
  a 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  natural 
  habitats 
  in 
  most 
  tropical 
  countries, 
  only 
  

   about 
  55 
  are 
  now 
  recorded 
  from 
  the 
  entire 
  United 
  States. 
  With 
  the 
  

   exception 
  of 
  those 
  occurring 
  in 
  a 
  few 
  localities, 
  mainly 
  in 
  the 
  South- 
  

   western 
  States, 
  our 
  roaches 
  are 
  well 
  known 
  to 
  entomologists. 
  In 
  the 
  

   northern 
  third 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  there 
  are 
  few 
  native 
  roaches 
  living 
  in 
  

   fields 
  or 
  woodlands, 
  and 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  better-known 
  species 
  are 
  estab- 
  

   lished 
  adventives 
  which 
  are 
  rather 
  closely 
  associated 
  with 
  human 
  

   habitations, 
  having 
  been 
  brought 
  there 
  by 
  artificial 
  means. 
  The 
  recent 
  

   establishment 
  in 
  the 
  Northeastern 
  States 
  of 
  two 
  potentially 
  important 
  

   roaches 
  new 
  to 
  this 
  country 
  is 
  therefore 
  of 
  decided 
  interest. 
  

  

  Beginning 
  in 
  1948 
  and 
  continuing 
  each 
  subsequent 
  year, 
  specimens 
  

   of 
  Ectohius 
  livens 
  (Turton), 
  the 
  spotted 
  Mediterranean 
  roach,^ 
  have 
  

   been 
  collected 
  at 
  Falmouth, 
  Mass., 
  under 
  outdoor 
  conditions, 
  coming 
  

   to 
  houses 
  at 
  night 
  and 
  also 
  occurring 
  on 
  fresh 
  vegetables. 
  Because 
  

   of 
  these 
  habits 
  and 
  the 
  wide 
  natural 
  occurrence 
  of 
  this 
  roach 
  in 
  Europe 
  

   and 
  adjacent 
  areas, 
  it 
  seems 
  quite 
  probable 
  that 
  a 
  slow 
  spread 
  in 
  the 
  

   United 
  States 
  may 
  take 
  place, 
  and 
  that 
  from 
  time 
  to 
  time 
  questions 
  

   regarding 
  its 
  identity 
  and 
  importance 
  will 
  arise. 
  

  

  1 
  Bureau 
  of 
  Entomology 
  and 
  Plant 
  Quarantine, 
  Agricultural 
  Research 
  Administration, 
  

   U. 
  S. 
  Department 
  of 
  Agriculture. 
  

  

  2 
  No 
  generally 
  accepted 
  common 
  name 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  applied 
  to 
  E. 
  livens 
  in 
  Europe, 
  and 
  

   this 
  name 
  is 
  considered 
  suitable 
  for 
  American 
  use 
  in 
  view 
  of 
  the 
  species' 
  appearance 
  and 
  

   the 
  region 
  of 
  its 
  dominant 
  Old 
  World 
  occurrence. 
  

  

  39 
  

  

  228354— 
  53— 
  —1 
  

  

  