﻿40 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol. 
  io3 
  

  

  A 
  second 
  species 
  not 
  previously 
  known 
  to 
  breed 
  in 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  

   is 
  LeiLCophaea 
  maderae 
  (Fabricius), 
  the 
  Madeira 
  roach. 
  Unlike 
  the 
  

   spotted 
  Mediterranean 
  roach, 
  L. 
  maderae 
  is 
  well 
  known 
  because 
  it 
  is 
  

   frequently 
  transported 
  with 
  articles 
  of 
  commerce 
  in 
  tropical 
  countries. 
  

   It 
  has 
  many 
  times 
  been 
  intercepted 
  by 
  quarantine 
  inspectors 
  at 
  

   United 
  States 
  ports 
  and 
  has 
  occasionally 
  been 
  carried 
  to 
  inland 
  cities, 
  

   where 
  it 
  failed 
  to 
  survive. 
  In 
  the 
  autum 
  of 
  1950 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  

   be 
  established 
  in 
  the 
  basements 
  of 
  New 
  York 
  City 
  buildings 
  occupied 
  

   by 
  people 
  who 
  had 
  come 
  from 
  Puerto 
  Rico. 
  Although 
  its 
  native 
  

   home 
  is 
  evidently 
  West 
  Africa, 
  it 
  apparently 
  was 
  introduced 
  to 
  the 
  

   West 
  Indies 
  more 
  than 
  100 
  years 
  ago. 
  The 
  Madeira 
  roach 
  could 
  

   probably 
  live 
  outdoors 
  in 
  tropical 
  Florida 
  and 
  perhaps 
  at 
  the 
  other 
  

   southern 
  extremities 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  more 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  

   important 
  as 
  a 
  domestic 
  pest 
  in 
  the 
  well-heated 
  buildings 
  of 
  our 
  larger 
  

   cities. 
  One 
  has 
  only 
  to 
  recall 
  the 
  increasing 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  brown- 
  

   banded 
  roach 
  Supella 
  supellectiliuTii 
  (Serville) 
  in 
  this 
  country 
  during 
  

   comparatively 
  recent 
  years 
  to 
  realize 
  the 
  potential 
  importance 
  of 
  

   Leucophaea 
  maderae. 
  Apparently 
  a 
  native 
  of 
  Africa 
  that 
  has 
  been 
  

   spread 
  by 
  commerce 
  to 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  warmer 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  world, 
  S. 
  

   supellectilium 
  was 
  first 
  reported 
  from 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  in 
  1903, 
  based 
  

   on 
  specimens 
  from 
  Key 
  West, 
  Fla. 
  It 
  was 
  not 
  noted 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  here 
  

   until 
  found 
  in 
  a 
  private 
  home 
  in 
  Nebraska 
  in 
  1929, 
  but 
  since 
  then 
  

   has 
  rapidly 
  gained 
  recognition 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  our 
  principal 
  pest 
  roaches 
  

   (see 
  Back, 
  1937, 
  and 
  Gould 
  and 
  Deay, 
  1940) 
  . 
  

  

  This 
  paper 
  is 
  intended 
  to 
  aid 
  in 
  the 
  identification 
  of 
  these 
  two 
  

   roaches 
  and 
  to 
  supply 
  such 
  available 
  information 
  on 
  distribution 
  and 
  

   habits 
  as 
  is 
  likely 
  to 
  be 
  helpful 
  to 
  subsequent 
  studies 
  of 
  these 
  species 
  

   in 
  the 
  United 
  States. 
  A 
  third 
  species, 
  Nauphoeta 
  cinerea 
  (Olivier), 
  

   was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  established 
  in 
  Florida 
  after 
  this 
  manuscript 
  was 
  

   prepared. 
  It 
  is 
  briefly 
  noted 
  on 
  page 
  46. 
  

  

  Genus 
  Ectohius 
  Stephens, 
  1835 
  

   Ectobius 
  livens 
  (Turton), 
  1800? 
  (spotted 
  Mediterranean 
  roach) 
  

  

  Figure 
  10, 
  a-d: 
  Plate 
  2, 
  Figures 
  3-6 
  

  

  Blatta 
  livida 
  Fabricius, 
  Entomologia 
  systematicae, 
  vol. 
  2, 
  p. 
  10, 
  1793. 
  (Pre- 
  

   occupied 
  by 
  Blatta 
  livida 
  De 
  Geer, 
  Memoirs 
  pour 
  servir 
  a 
  I'histoire 
  des 
  In- 
  

   sectes, 
  vol. 
  3, 
  p. 
  538, 
  pi. 
  44, 
  fig. 
  6, 
  1773.) 
  

  

  Blatta 
  livens 
  Turton. 
  A 
  general 
  system 
  of 
  nature 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  , 
  vol. 
  2, 
  p. 
  529, 
  1800? 
  

   (New 
  name 
  for 
  Blatta 
  livida 
  Fabricius.) 
  

  

  EctoMus 
  lividus 
  Fabricius, 
  Stephens, 
  Illustrations 
  of 
  British 
  entomology, 
  Mandi- 
  

   bulata, 
  vol. 
  6, 
  p. 
  48, 
  1835. 
  

  

  Ectohius 
  livens 
  (Turton) 
  , 
  Ramme, 
  Mitt. 
  Zool. 
  Mus. 
  Berlin, 
  vol. 
  27, 
  pp. 
  34-45, 
  pi. 
  10, 
  

   fig. 
  3, 
  1951. 
  

  

  Nomenclatural 
  coTnments. 
  — 
  ^Until 
  1951 
  Ectobius 
  lividus 
  was 
  usually 
  

   applied 
  to 
  this 
  species. 
  The 
  name 
  E. 
  livens 
  has 
  been 
  resurrected 
  by 
  

  

  