﻿COCKROACHES 
  NEW 
  TO 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  — 
  GURNEY 
  43 
  

  

  developed 
  longitudinal 
  rows 
  of 
  dark 
  brown 
  siibmarginal 
  and 
  median 
  

   spots. 
  

  

  Measurements 
  (in 
  millimeters) 
  of 
  representative 
  specimens: 
  Over- 
  

   all 
  length, 
  including 
  folded 
  tegmina, 
  female 
  9, 
  male 
  8.5; 
  pronotum, 
  

   female 
  2.1, 
  male 
  1.9 
  ; 
  tegmen, 
  female 
  7, 
  male 
  7.2. 
  Width 
  of 
  pronotum, 
  

   female 
  3, 
  male 
  2.9. 
  No 
  significant 
  size 
  variation 
  has 
  been 
  noted. 
  

  

  Nymphs 
  : 
  Nymphs 
  (pi. 
  2, 
  figs. 
  3, 
  4) 
  ranging 
  in 
  body 
  length 
  from 
  

   2.5 
  to 
  4.5 
  millimeters 
  have 
  been 
  examined. 
  They 
  are 
  yellow, 
  with 
  

   conspicuous 
  dark 
  reddish 
  brown 
  spots 
  on 
  the 
  dorsal 
  surface 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  

   vertex 
  and 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  face. 
  Dark 
  submarginal 
  longitudinal 
  

   streaks 
  appear 
  on 
  the 
  thorax. 
  The 
  venter 
  of 
  the 
  abdomen 
  is 
  dark 
  

   brown 
  submarginally 
  and 
  medially. 
  

  

  Oothecae: 
  Two 
  oothecae 
  have 
  been 
  examined 
  (pi. 
  2, 
  fig. 
  5). 
  They 
  

   are 
  dark 
  brown 
  and 
  measure 
  2.3 
  millimeters 
  in 
  length. 
  The 
  convex 
  

   margin 
  is 
  weakly 
  crenulate 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  faint 
  transverse 
  indications 
  

   of 
  the 
  eggs 
  contained. 
  

  

  Distribution. 
  — 
  Three 
  American 
  localities 
  are 
  known 
  for 
  Ectobius 
  

   livens, 
  all 
  in 
  Massachusetts: 
  Falmouth, 
  Manomet, 
  and 
  Plymouth. 
  

   Falmouth, 
  the 
  first 
  site 
  discovered 
  here, 
  is 
  situated 
  near 
  Woods 
  Hole 
  

   and 
  the 
  Cape 
  Cod 
  Canal, 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  Cape 
  Cod. 
  

   In 
  October 
  1951, 
  after 
  this 
  manuscript 
  had 
  been 
  prepared, 
  I 
  ex- 
  

   amined 
  3 
  males 
  and 
  4 
  females 
  of 
  livens 
  collected 
  at 
  Manomet, 
  Plym- 
  

   outh 
  County, 
  Mass., 
  by 
  Mrs. 
  S. 
  P. 
  Graeff 
  and 
  submitted 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Ells- 
  

   worth 
  H. 
  Wheeler 
  of 
  the 
  University 
  of 
  Massachusetts. 
  Manomet 
  is 
  

   on 
  the 
  coast 
  of 
  Cape 
  Cod, 
  about 
  20 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  Falmouth. 
  The 
  

   specimens 
  were 
  collected 
  before 
  August 
  13, 
  1951, 
  apparently 
  just 
  

   prior 
  to 
  that 
  date. 
  Mrs. 
  Graeff 
  wrote, 
  "Our 
  summer 
  cottage 
  is 
  pretty 
  

   well 
  overrun 
  with 
  them. 
  Painters 
  told 
  me 
  they 
  were 
  even 
  on 
  the 
  roof. 
  

   The 
  cottage 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  woods 
  and 
  the 
  underbrush 
  is 
  close. 
  I 
  think 
  this 
  

   is 
  the 
  third 
  summer 
  we 
  have 
  had 
  them. 
  I 
  suspect 
  they 
  like 
  damp 
  

   spots, 
  they 
  scurry 
  under 
  shingles." 
  

  

  An 
  adult 
  of 
  livens 
  was 
  submitted 
  July 
  28, 
  1952, 
  by 
  a 
  Plymouth 
  

   housewife 
  who 
  reported 
  that 
  her 
  house 
  and 
  shrubbery 
  were 
  becoming 
  

   infested. 
  

  

  This 
  roach 
  is 
  widely 
  distributed 
  in 
  the 
  southern 
  and 
  central 
  portions 
  

   of 
  western 
  Europe, 
  occurring 
  in 
  Germany, 
  the 
  Netherlands, 
  Belgium, 
  

   France, 
  Switzerland, 
  Italy, 
  Portugal, 
  Spain, 
  and 
  southern 
  England. 
  

   It 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  reported 
  as 
  far 
  eastward 
  in 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  area 
  

   as 
  Asia 
  Minor, 
  but 
  the 
  records 
  I 
  have 
  seen 
  were 
  published 
  prior 
  to 
  

   the 
  modern 
  work 
  dating 
  from 
  Ramme's 
  1923 
  monograph 
  of 
  Ectobius 
  

   and 
  are 
  not 
  dependable. 
  Chopard 
  (1943, 
  p. 
  21) 
  has 
  reported 
  it 
  from 
  

   Algeria 
  and 
  Tunisia. 
  I 
  have 
  found 
  no 
  records 
  of 
  its 
  occurrence 
  in 
  

   the 
  Azores. 
  Fabricius 
  originally 
  described 
  the 
  species 
  from 
  France, 
  

   and, 
  in 
  the 
  absence 
  of 
  type 
  material, 
  Eamme 
  in 
  1923 
  designated 
  a 
  male 
  

  

  