﻿COCKROACHES 
  NEW 
  TO 
  UNITED 
  STATES 
  — 
  GURNEY 
  45 
  

  

  Source 
  of 
  introduction. 
  — 
  The 
  Massachusetts 
  colony 
  of 
  Ectohius 
  

   livens 
  is 
  probably 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  an 
  accidental 
  introduction 
  from 
  western 
  

   Europe 
  or 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  area. 
  A 
  good 
  many 
  people 
  of 
  Portu- 
  

   guese 
  ancestry 
  live 
  in 
  Falmouth 
  and 
  the 
  vicinity, 
  and 
  visits 
  to 
  Portu- 
  

   gal 
  and 
  the 
  Azores 
  are 
  frequent. 
  Seeds 
  and 
  occasional 
  shipments 
  

   of 
  fruit 
  are 
  brought 
  back, 
  but 
  quarantine 
  regulations 
  prevent 
  wide- 
  

   spread 
  movements 
  of 
  plant 
  products. 
  Since 
  livens 
  occurs 
  in 
  Portugal, 
  

   as 
  reported 
  by 
  Seabra 
  (1942, 
  p. 
  19), 
  the 
  possibility 
  of 
  an 
  introduc- 
  

   tion 
  from 
  that 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Mediterranean 
  seems 
  the 
  most 
  likely. 
  

  

  Probable 
  importance. 
  — 
  Ectohius 
  livens 
  is 
  not 
  likely 
  to 
  develop 
  into 
  

   a 
  major 
  pest 
  or 
  to 
  live 
  in 
  buildings 
  except 
  occasionally. 
  As 
  a 
  nuis- 
  

   ance 
  pest 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  gardens 
  and 
  dwellings, 
  it 
  may 
  be 
  expected 
  

   to 
  attract 
  attention 
  at 
  intervals 
  and 
  to 
  be 
  submitted 
  to 
  entomologists 
  

   for 
  identification 
  and 
  advice, 
  as 
  is 
  now 
  true 
  of 
  male 
  specimens 
  of 
  

   Parcohlatta 
  which 
  are 
  attracted 
  to 
  lights 
  and 
  which 
  occasionally 
  re- 
  

   main 
  in 
  houses 
  for 
  short 
  periods. 
  

  

  So 
  far 
  as 
  known, 
  species 
  of 
  Ectohius 
  are 
  not 
  economically 
  impor- 
  

   tant 
  in 
  Europe. 
  E. 
  lapponicus 
  has 
  often 
  been 
  stated 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  pest 
  of 
  

   dried 
  fish 
  in 
  Swedish 
  Lappland, 
  but 
  Gaunitz 
  (1935, 
  1936) 
  found 
  

   that 
  laffonicus 
  does 
  not 
  occur 
  indoors 
  and 
  probably 
  feeds 
  on 
  

   vegetable 
  matter. 
  

  

  Genus 
  Leucophaea 
  Brunner, 
  1865 
  

   Leucophaea 
  maderae 
  (Fabricius), 
  1793 
  (Madeira 
  roach) 
  

  

  Figure 
  10, 
  e-h; 
  Plate 
  2, 
  Figxjbes 
  1, 
  2 
  

  

  Blatta 
  maderae 
  Fabricius, 
  Entomologia 
  systematicae, 
  vol. 
  2, 
  p. 
  6, 
  1793. 
  

   Leucophaea 
  maderae 
  (Fabricius), 
  Rehn, 
  Trans. 
  Amer. 
  Ent. 
  Soc, 
  vol. 
  29, 
  p. 
  283, 
  

   1908. 
  

  

  Nomenclatural 
  comments. 
  — 
  The 
  name 
  Rhyparohia 
  maderae 
  is 
  cur- 
  

   rently 
  used 
  by 
  certain 
  workers, 
  especially 
  Europeans, 
  as 
  exemplified 
  

   by 
  Chopard 
  (1943, 
  p. 
  45) 
  in 
  his 
  monograph 
  of 
  North 
  African 
  Orthop- 
  

   tera. 
  Leucophaea 
  was 
  proposed 
  by 
  Brunner 
  (1865, 
  pp. 
  272, 
  278) 
  

   as 
  a 
  subgenus 
  of 
  Panchlora.^ 
  with 
  four 
  included 
  species. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  

   four, 
  maderae^ 
  was 
  designated 
  type 
  of 
  Leucophaea 
  by 
  Rehn 
  (1903, 
  

   p. 
  282). 
  Rhyparohia 
  was 
  proposed 
  by 
  Krauss 
  (1892, 
  p. 
  165), 
  mono- 
  

   typic 
  for 
  maderae. 
  Thus 
  Rhyparohia 
  is 
  an 
  isogenotypic 
  synonym 
  of 
  

   Leucophaea. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  Rhyparohia 
  was 
  doubtless 
  encouraged 
  by 
  the 
  

   action 
  of 
  Kirby 
  (1904, 
  pp. 
  150-151) 
  who, 
  evidently 
  unaware 
  of 
  Rehn's 
  

   1903 
  designation, 
  designated 
  Blatta 
  surinamensis 
  Linnaeus 
  type 
  of 
  

   Leucophaea. 
  As 
  explained 
  by 
  Hebard 
  (1917, 
  p. 
  309), 
  Kirby 
  also 
  ap- 
  

   parently 
  objected 
  to 
  the 
  name 
  Pycnoscelus 
  Scudder, 
  1862, 
  to 
  which 
  

   surinamensis 
  belongs, 
  because 
  it 
  was 
  originally 
  based 
  on 
  an 
  immature 
  

   specimen. 
  Kirby's 
  latter 
  view 
  is 
  not 
  supported 
  by 
  the 
  rules 
  of 
  nomen- 
  

  

  