﻿52 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol.103 
  

  

  truded 
  but 
  which 
  dried 
  up 
  without 
  hatching 
  when 
  the 
  delicate 
  enclos- 
  

   ing 
  membrane 
  was 
  exposed 
  to 
  the 
  air. 
  These 
  experiences 
  suggest 
  that 
  

   some 
  of 
  the 
  protruding 
  eggs 
  of 
  L. 
  niaderae 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  noted 
  are 
  the 
  

   result 
  of 
  handling 
  when 
  the 
  specimens 
  were 
  collected 
  and 
  that 
  occa- 
  

   sional 
  Qgg 
  masses 
  may 
  be 
  deposited 
  under 
  certain 
  conditions 
  by 
  this 
  

   ordinarily 
  viviparous 
  species. 
  

  

  In 
  his 
  important 
  recent 
  paper, 
  Chopard 
  (1950) 
  has 
  discussed 
  the 
  

   anatomy 
  and 
  development 
  of 
  Gromfhadorhina 
  laevigata 
  Saussure 
  

   and 
  Zehntner, 
  of 
  Madagascar. 
  He 
  observed, 
  in 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  rearings 
  

   conducted 
  in 
  Paris, 
  that 
  the 
  female 
  of 
  this 
  viviparous 
  species 
  extrudes 
  

   the 
  soft 
  ootheca 
  nearly 
  to 
  its 
  full 
  extent, 
  then 
  it 
  is 
  drawn 
  into 
  an 
  

   incubating 
  pouch 
  where 
  the 
  eggs 
  undergo 
  incubation 
  for 
  approxi- 
  

   mately 
  70 
  days 
  prior 
  to 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  the 
  young. 
  Occasionally 
  

   the 
  ootheca 
  is 
  completely 
  extruded, 
  with 
  the 
  result 
  that 
  desiccation 
  

   occurs 
  and 
  no 
  hatching 
  takes 
  place. 
  I 
  am 
  indebted 
  to 
  my 
  colleague 
  

   R. 
  E. 
  Snodgrassfor 
  pointing 
  out 
  the 
  significance 
  of 
  Chopard's 
  obser- 
  

   vations. 
  They 
  explain 
  how 
  the 
  ootheca 
  is 
  transferred 
  from 
  the 
  uterus 
  

   to 
  the 
  incubating 
  chamber 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  Gromphadorhina. 
  Possibly 
  

   the 
  same 
  habit 
  occurs 
  in 
  certain 
  other 
  viviparous 
  genera, 
  and 
  some 
  

   protruding 
  oothecae 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  seen 
  may 
  represent 
  a 
  stage 
  in 
  this 
  

   normal 
  act. 
  In 
  discussing 
  the 
  transfer 
  of 
  the 
  developing 
  eggs 
  in 
  

   the 
  viviparous 
  Difloptera^ 
  Hagan 
  (1951, 
  p. 
  299) 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  

   oocytes 
  pass 
  from 
  the 
  ovarioles 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  common 
  ovi- 
  

   duct, 
  where 
  "they 
  are 
  directed 
  by 
  the 
  ovipositor 
  from 
  the 
  genital 
  

   chamber 
  ventrally 
  into 
  the 
  open 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  uterus." 
  

  

  In 
  Brazil, 
  mating 
  of 
  Leucofhaea 
  maderae 
  occurs 
  mainly 
  during 
  the 
  

   warm 
  and 
  rainy 
  season, 
  according 
  to 
  Pessoa 
  and 
  Correa, 
  who 
  say 
  that 
  

   copulation 
  may 
  occupy 
  20 
  to 
  30 
  minutes 
  and 
  takes 
  place 
  with 
  the 
  pair 
  

   end 
  to 
  end 
  facing 
  in 
  opposite 
  directions. 
  Prior 
  to 
  mating, 
  the 
  female 
  

   is 
  described 
  as 
  opening 
  her 
  wings 
  and 
  drawing 
  them 
  along 
  the 
  ground, 
  

   at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  producing 
  a 
  sound 
  by 
  vibrating 
  them. 
  The 
  scent 
  

   gland 
  on 
  the 
  dorsum 
  of 
  the 
  male 
  presumably 
  is 
  attractive 
  to 
  the 
  female 
  

   at 
  mating 
  time, 
  but 
  its 
  function 
  is 
  not 
  definitely 
  known. 
  

  

  lUingworth 
  stated 
  that 
  when 
  disturbed 
  the 
  Madeira 
  roach 
  stridu- 
  

   lates 
  very 
  noticeably, 
  and 
  he 
  believed 
  the 
  sound 
  is 
  produced 
  by 
  rubbing 
  

   the 
  posterior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  pronotum 
  over 
  the 
  mesonotum. 
  Accord- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  Chopard 
  (1938, 
  p. 
  286), 
  several 
  roaches 
  stridulate 
  delicately 
  by 
  

   rubbing 
  the 
  border 
  of 
  the 
  pronotum 
  upon 
  the 
  mesonotum 
  or 
  upon 
  the 
  

   strongly 
  denticulate 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  costal 
  vein 
  of 
  the 
  tegmen. 
  To 
  test 
  the 
  

   possibilities 
  of 
  stridulation, 
  I 
  have 
  relaxed 
  dry 
  specimens 
  of 
  both 
  sexes 
  

   of 
  L. 
  maderae^ 
  then 
  manipulated 
  the 
  body 
  parts 
  with 
  my 
  fingers. 
  A 
  

   low, 
  squeaking 
  sound 
  is 
  consistently 
  obtained 
  in 
  either 
  sex 
  by 
  rubbing 
  

   the 
  lateroposterior 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  pronotum 
  on 
  the 
  basal 
  costal 
  margin 
  

   of 
  the 
  tegmen. 
  Both 
  surfaces 
  are 
  heavily 
  sclerotized, 
  turned 
  to 
  oppose 
  

  

  