﻿506 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol. 
  io3 
  

  

  Populations 
  

  

  No 
  notable 
  differentiation 
  of 
  any 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  subfaunal 
  areas 
  of 
  

   tlie 
  Indo-Pacific 
  was 
  revealed 
  by 
  an 
  analysis 
  of 
  various 
  meristic 
  counts 
  

   (see 
  descriptions 
  of 
  bensasi, 
  vittatus, 
  and 
  tragula, 
  and 
  tables 
  6, 
  10, 
  and 
  

   11), 
  proportional 
  measurements, 
  color, 
  and 
  color 
  pattern 
  of 
  specimens 
  

   segregated 
  by 
  locality. 
  Differentiation 
  in 
  this 
  genus 
  appears 
  to 
  have 
  

   gone 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  level, 
  after 
  which 
  considerable 
  stability 
  was 
  at- 
  

   tained. 
  These 
  conclusions 
  are 
  tentative 
  owing 
  to 
  the 
  limited 
  number 
  

   of 
  specimens 
  of 
  several 
  species. 
  

  

  Although 
  little 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  life 
  histories 
  of 
  these 
  inshore 
  forms, 
  

   populations 
  of 
  such 
  widely 
  distributed 
  species 
  as 
  vittatus, 
  sulphureus, 
  

   and 
  tragula 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  subfaunal 
  areas 
  of 
  East 
  Africa, 
  the 
  East 
  

   Indies, 
  the 
  Philippines, 
  and 
  areas 
  of 
  Oceania 
  are 
  assumed 
  to 
  be 
  

   considerably 
  isolated, 
  yet 
  they 
  are 
  characteristically 
  homogeneous. 
  

  

  Larval 
  forms 
  of 
  some 
  species 
  are 
  thought 
  to 
  be 
  pelagic, 
  and 
  their 
  

   drift 
  or 
  movement 
  may 
  account 
  for 
  some 
  minor 
  association 
  of 
  these 
  

   populations. 
  

  

  The 
  genus 
  is 
  restricted 
  to 
  the 
  tropical 
  and 
  subtropical, 
  littoral, 
  

   marine 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  Indo-Pacific 
  and 
  Western 
  Atlantic 
  regions. 
  The 
  

   East 
  Indies 
  and 
  Philippine 
  Islands, 
  near 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  Indo-Pacific 
  

   region, 
  contain 
  at 
  least 
  seven 
  of 
  the 
  species, 
  four 
  are 
  known 
  from 
  

   East 
  Africa, 
  four 
  from 
  Oceania, 
  but 
  only 
  one 
  {arge) 
  is 
  known 
  in 
  the 
  

   Hawaiian 
  fauna. 
  Five 
  extend 
  northward 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  southern 
  Japan 
  

   and 
  at 
  least 
  three 
  reach 
  eastern 
  Australia. 
  Only 
  one 
  species, 
  TJ. 
  

   'parvus, 
  occurs 
  in 
  the 
  Western 
  Atlantic 
  area 
  of 
  American 
  waters. 
  

  

  Genus 
  Upeneus 
  

  

  Upeneus 
  Cuvier 
  and 
  Valenciennes, 
  1829, 
  p. 
  448 
  (type 
  species, 
  Mullus 
  vittatus 
  

   ForskM, 
  designated 
  by 
  Bleeker, 
  1876, 
  p. 
  333). 
  

  

  Hypeneus 
  Agassiz, 
  1846, 
  p. 
  190 
  (type 
  species 
  Mullus 
  vittatus 
  ForskS,!) 
  (cor- 
  

   rected 
  orthography). 
  

  

  Upeneoides 
  Bleeker, 
  1849, 
  p. 
  64 
  (type 
  species, 
  Mullus 
  vittatus 
  Forsk§,l, 
  designated 
  

   by 
  Jordan, 
  1919, 
  p. 
  240). 
  

  

  The 
  characters 
  best 
  defining 
  the 
  genus 
  are: 
  (1) 
  dentition 
  complete, 
  

   consisting 
  of 
  small 
  villiform 
  teeth 
  on 
  the 
  vomer 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  an 
  

   irregular 
  or 
  triangular 
  patch, 
  on 
  the 
  palatines 
  in 
  an 
  elongate 
  band, 
  

   and 
  on 
  both 
  jaws 
  in 
  bands 
  of 
  narrow 
  to 
  moderate 
  widths, 
  and 
  (2) 
  

   scales 
  present 
  on 
  soft 
  dorsal, 
  anal, 
  and 
  caudal 
  fins. 
  The 
  bodies 
  are 
  

   elongate 
  and 
  somewhat 
  compressed 
  ; 
  the 
  caudal 
  fin 
  is 
  marked 
  with 
  dark, 
  

   oblique 
  bars 
  in 
  most 
  species. 
  The 
  species 
  attain 
  a 
  small 
  size 
  compared 
  

   with 
  other 
  members 
  of 
  the 
  family. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  characters, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  apply 
  to 
  other 
  genera 
  in 
  

   the 
  family, 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  common 
  to 
  aU 
  the 
  species: 
  Anal 
  fin 
  rays 
  

   I, 
  i, 
  6: 
  pelvic 
  fin 
  rays 
  I, 
  5; 
  caudal 
  fin 
  rays 
  i, 
  7-|-6, 
  i; 
  scale 
  rows 
  around 
  

  

  