﻿508 
  PROCEEDINGS 
  OF 
  THE 
  NATIONAL 
  MUSEUM 
  vol. 
  io3 
  

  

  Key 
  to 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  Upeneus 
  

  

  (References 
  to 
  groups 
  of 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  descriptions 
  pertain 
  to 
  all 
  the 
  species 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  categories 
  of 
  

   the 
  key: 
  2a, 
  bensasi 
  group; 
  4a, 
  viUatui 
  group; 
  4b, 
  tragula 
  group.) 
  

  

  la. 
  Dorsal 
  spines 
  VII, 
  the 
  first 
  spine 
  longest. 
  

  

  2a. 
  Pectoral 
  rays 
  number 
  13 
  or 
  14; 
  vertical 
  scale 
  rows 
  range 
  from 
  28 
  to 
  31; 
  

  

  peritoneum 
  brown 
  to 
  silvery 
  brown. 
  

  

  3a. 
  Lower 
  lobe 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  without 
  oblique 
  bars, 
  upper 
  lobe 
  with 
  2 
  to 
  3 
  

  

  faint, 
  oblique 
  brownish 
  or 
  dusky 
  bars; 
  body 
  nearly 
  uniform 
  light 
  tan 
  

  

  to 
  brown, 
  without 
  lateral 
  stripe 
  or 
  dark 
  brown 
  saddle 
  posterior 
  to 
  

  

  soft 
  dorsal 
  fin; 
  fewer 
  gillrakers, 
  modally 
  25, 
  range 
  from 
  23 
  to 
  27. 
  

  

  U. 
  bensasi 
  (Schlegel) 
  

  

  36. 
  Lower 
  lobe 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  with 
  6 
  or 
  7 
  narrow, 
  brown, 
  oblique 
  bars, 
  and 
  

  

  the 
  upper 
  lobe 
  with 
  3; 
  body 
  dark 
  tan 
  above, 
  light 
  tan 
  below 
  with 
  

  

  a 
  brown, 
  horizontal 
  stripe 
  on 
  midside 
  and 
  a 
  dark 
  brown 
  saddle 
  on 
  

  

  caudal 
  peduncle 
  just 
  posterior 
  to 
  soft 
  dorsal 
  fin; 
  more 
  gillrakers, 
  

  

  modally 
  28, 
  range 
  27 
  to 
  29 
  U. 
  asymmetricus, 
  new 
  species 
  

  

  26. 
  Pectoral 
  rays 
  number 
  15 
  or 
  16; 
  vertical 
  scale 
  rows 
  range 
  from 
  36 
  to 
  38; 
  

   peritoneum 
  light 
  to 
  silvery; 
  upper 
  and 
  lower 
  lobes 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  with 
  3 
  

   oblique, 
  brownish 
  black 
  bars 
  on 
  the 
  smaller 
  specimens 
  (68, 
  69 
  mm.) 
  

   increasing 
  to 
  5 
  bars 
  on 
  the 
  larger 
  specimens; 
  bars 
  more 
  pronounced 
  on 
  

   lower 
  lobe; 
  body 
  light 
  tan, 
  possibly 
  with 
  light 
  colored 
  median 
  stripe; 
  

   without 
  dark 
  saddle 
  over 
  caudal 
  peduncle; 
  gillrakers 
  range 
  from 
  26 
  to 
  29. 
  

  

  U. 
  parvus 
  Poey 
  

   16. 
  Dorsal 
  spines 
  VIII, 
  the 
  first 
  spine 
  minute. 
  

  

  4a. 
  Total 
  number 
  of 
  giUrakers 
  range 
  from 
  26 
  to 
  32; 
  pectoral 
  rays 
  number 
  15 
  

  

  to 
  18; 
  peritoneum 
  brown 
  to 
  black. 
  

  

  5a. 
  Caudal 
  fin 
  transparent 
  to 
  dusky, 
  without 
  dark 
  bars; 
  chin 
  barbels 
  long, 
  

  

  58 
  to 
  82 
  percent 
  of 
  head 
  length 
  in 
  large 
  specimens 
  (over 
  85 
  mm.); 
  

  

  barbel 
  when 
  extended 
  posteriorly 
  usually 
  extends 
  beyond 
  vertical 
  

  

  drawn 
  through 
  posteriormost 
  point 
  of 
  preopercle. 
  

  

  U. 
  sulphureus 
  Cuvier 
  and 
  Valenciennes 
  

  

  56. 
  Caudal 
  fin 
  with 
  oblique 
  dark 
  bars 
  on 
  upper 
  lobe; 
  chin 
  barbels 
  short, 
  

  

  46 
  to 
  66 
  percent 
  of 
  head 
  length; 
  barbel 
  when 
  extended 
  posteriorly 
  not 
  

  

  reaching 
  vertical 
  drawn 
  through 
  posteriormost 
  point 
  of 
  preopercle. 
  

  

  6a. 
  Lower 
  lobe 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  transparent 
  to 
  dusky, 
  without 
  dark, 
  oblique 
  

  

  bars; 
  a 
  pale 
  to 
  yellow, 
  median 
  horizontal 
  stripe 
  on 
  side 
  of 
  body, 
  often 
  

  

  faintly 
  developed, 
  or 
  obscure 
  U. 
  moluccensis 
  (Bleeker) 
  

  

  66. 
  Lower 
  lobe 
  of 
  caudal 
  fin 
  with 
  2 
  to 
  3 
  dark 
  oblique 
  bars, 
  the 
  outer 
  bar 
  

   widest 
  and 
  more 
  intensely 
  colored; 
  a 
  light 
  colored 
  median 
  and 
  

   dorsolateral, 
  horizontal 
  stripe 
  on 
  body 
  usually 
  present. 
  

  

  U. 
  vittatus 
  (Forsk&l) 
  

  

  46. 
  Total 
  number 
  of 
  gillrakers 
  range 
  from 
  19 
  to 
  25; 
  pectoral 
  rays 
  number 
  12 
  to 
  

  

  15; 
  peritoneum 
  silvery 
  to 
  transparent, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  scattered, 
  fine, 
  

  

  brownish 
  spots. 
  

  

  7a. 
  Scales 
  small, 
  36 
  to 
  38 
  vertical 
  rows 
  on 
  body, 
  7 
  rows 
  below 
  lateral 
  line; 
  a 
  faint, 
  

  

  tan 
  colored 
  median 
  and 
  dorsolateral, 
  horizontal 
  stripe 
  on 
  body, 
  often 
  

  

  completely 
  faded 
  U. 
  arge 
  Jordan 
  and 
  Evermann 
  

  

  76. 
  Scales 
  large, 
  28 
  to 
  32 
  vertical 
  rows 
  on 
  body, 
  6 
  rows 
  below 
  lateral 
  line; 
  

  

  a 
  conspicuous 
  dark 
  brown 
  median 
  stripe 
  on 
  body 
  always 
  present. 
  

  

  8a. 
  A 
  dark 
  brown 
  saddle 
  just 
  posterior 
  to 
  base 
  of 
  soft 
  dorsal 
  fin 
  almost 
  

  

  always 
  present; 
  two 
  additional 
  saddles 
  through 
  spinous 
  and 
  soft 
  

  

  dorsal 
  fins 
  sometimes 
  evident; 
  spotting 
  or 
  blotches 
  absent 
  on 
  body; 
  

  

  