﻿GOATFISH 
  GENUS 
  UPENEUS 
  — 
  LACHNER 
  

  

  521 
  

  

  This 
  species 
  is 
  closely 
  related 
  to 
  U. 
  tragula, 
  and 
  the 
  smaller 
  speci- 
  

   mens 
  of 
  each 
  species 
  are 
  easily 
  confused 
  with 
  each 
  other. 
  The 
  geo- 
  

   graphic 
  range 
  of 
  tragula 
  completely 
  overlaps 
  that 
  of 
  luzonius 
  and 
  

   both 
  have 
  been 
  collected 
  together. 
  The 
  young 
  of 
  tragula 
  often 
  have 
  

   a 
  moderately 
  developed 
  saddle 
  on 
  the 
  caudal 
  peduncle, 
  generally 
  

   lack 
  the 
  spotting 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  adults, 
  and 
  the 
  color 
  pattern 
  

   of 
  the 
  fins 
  may 
  be 
  nearly 
  obscure; 
  consequently, 
  these 
  specimens 
  

   superficially 
  resemble 
  luzonius. 
  The 
  characters 
  listed 
  in 
  table 
  1 
  1 
  are 
  

   most 
  helpful 
  in 
  distinguishing 
  between 
  these 
  species. 
  

  

  Table 
  11. 
  — 
  Characters 
  distinguishing 
  Upeneus 
  luzonius 
  and 
  U. 
  tragula 
  

  

  Character 
  

  

  luzonius 
  

  

  tragula 
  

  

  Pectoral 
  fin 
  rays. 
  

  

  92 
  percent 
  with 
  13 
  or 
  

   fewer, 
  range 
  12 
  to 
  14. 
  

   20.4 
  (19 
  to 
  22). 
  1 
  

  

  Total 
  number 
  of 
  gill- 
  

   rakers. 
  

  

  Barbel 
  length 
  in 
  per- 
  66.6 
  (62 
  to 
  72). 
  

   cent 
  of 
  head 
  length. 
  

  

  Brown 
  spots 
  on 
  head 
  Always 
  absent, 
  

   and 
  body. 
  

  

  Dark 
  brown 
  saddles 
  on 
  

   body.2 
  

  

  Pigmentation 
  of: 
  

   (a) 
  dorsal 
  fins. 
  

  

  (6) 
  pelvics 
  and 
  

   anal 
  fins. 
  

  

  (c) 
  caudal 
  fin. 
  

  

  3 
  in 
  young, 
  2 
  or 
  1 
  (the 
  

   posteriormost 
  one) 
  in 
  

   adults; 
  sometimes 
  all 
  

   ari 
  almost 
  completely 
  

   faded. 
  

  

  2-3 
  faint 
  dusky 
  bars 
  on 
  

   each 
  but 
  often 
  com- 
  

   pletely 
  faded. 
  

  

  Clear 
  in 
  adults; 
  each 
  with 
  

   a 
  faint 
  transverse 
  bar 
  

   in 
  small 
  specimens. 
  

  

  Dark 
  brown 
  oblique 
  bars 
  

   nearly 
  uniformly 
  nar- 
  

   row 
  and 
  elongate; 
  de- 
  

   veloped 
  with 
  almost 
  

   equal 
  intensity 
  on 
  each 
  

   lobe; 
  usually 
  occur- 
  

   ring 
  in 
  equal 
  numbers 
  

   on 
  the 
  lobes; 
  1 
  bar 
  

   more 
  per 
  lobe 
  at 
  a 
  

   given 
  length 
  (table 
  3). 
  

  

  All 
  with 
  14 
  or 
  15. 
  

   22.8 
  (21 
  to 
  25). 
  

   59.2 
  (52 
  to 
  68). 
  

  

  Usually 
  well 
  developed 
  and 
  

   numerous, 
  sometimes 
  faint 
  

   to 
  obscure. 
  

  

  Faint 
  to 
  moderately 
  devel- 
  

   oped 
  saddle 
  over 
  caudal 
  

   peduncle 
  in 
  young 
  and 
  

   juvenile 
  specimens, 
  often 
  

   inconspicuous 
  or 
  entirely 
  

   faded 
  in 
  adults. 
  

  

  Each 
  almost 
  always 
  tipped 
  

   in 
  a 
  large 
  blackish 
  irregu- 
  

   lar 
  blotch, 
  remainder 
  of 
  

   fin 
  blotched 
  with 
  black, 
  

   white, 
  or 
  clear. 
  

  

  Almost 
  always 
  with 
  dark 
  

   brown 
  spots 
  arranged 
  in 
  2 
  

   to 
  3 
  rows. 
  

  

  Dark 
  brown, 
  oblique 
  bars, 
  

   elongate 
  anteriorly 
  becom- 
  

   ing 
  oval-shaped 
  posteri- 
  

   orly, 
  especially 
  outer 
  two 
  

   bars 
  on 
  lower 
  lobe; 
  bars 
  on 
  

   lower 
  lobe 
  conspicuously 
  

   more 
  intensely 
  developed; 
  

   usually 
  1 
  more 
  bar 
  on 
  the 
  

   lower 
  lobe; 
  1 
  bar 
  less 
  per 
  

   lobe 
  at 
  a 
  given 
  length 
  

   (table 
  3). 
  

  

  ' 
  The 
  mean 
  is 
  followed 
  by 
  the 
  range 
  of 
  variation 
  in 
  parentheses. 
  

  

  ' 
  All 
  descriptions 
  of 
  color 
  and 
  color 
  pattern 
  refer 
  to 
  preserved 
  specimens. 
  

  

  