KEY TO THE ORDERS. 



r Lower portion of thigh not feathered (with one exception [Little 

 I Bittern] where lores bare, bill long and straight, head flattened 



' I on top) '^ 



'^ Lower portion of thigh feathered 10 



I Loral or orbital region or both bare : 

 Gressores (Storks, Ibises and Herons) 

 Loral and orbital regions fully feathered 9 



Common Heron {Ardea cinerea) 



l«t visibi© primary generally longest 

 or equal to 2nd (in few instances, 

 sueh as Vanellus, Chettusia, Burhinus, 

 shorter than 2nd); distinct narrow 

 and stiff rudimentary real 1st primary, 

 eonceaied by coverts : 



Limicolce (Waders) 



1st primary shorter than 2nd, no dis- 

 tinct rudimentary primary : Alecto- 

 rides (Bustards, Cranes, and Rails) 



Rudimentary real 1st primaries of — • 



A. Lapwing {Vanellus vanellus). 

 {Squatarola 



B 



Grey Plover 

 squatarola) . 

 C. Common Snipe 

 gallinago) . 



( Gallinago 



JO 



Nostrils opening in soft, fleshy membrane : 



Columbce (Pigeons) 



Nostrils in sharply defined cere at base of upper 



mandible 11 



No cere or soft, fleshy membrane at base of upper 

 mandible 12 



Wood-Pigeon 

 (Columba palumbus) . 



