VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 



Serin {Serinus c. serinus), head?... ... ... ... ... ... 72 



Northern Bvillfinch (Pyrrhula p. pyrrhula) and British Bullfinch (P. p. 



pileata), bills ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 74 



Scarlet Grosbeak (Carpodacns e, erythrinus), $ autumn ... ... 78 



Pine-Grosbeak (Pinicola e. enitcleator), wing and head ... ... 81 



Plate 4.^ — Common Crossbill (Loxia c. curvirostra). Male, female and 



juveniles ... ... ... ... ... ... ... facing 84 



Common Crossbill (Loxia c. curvirostra), adult, nestling, Scottish Cross- 

 bill {L. c.scotica), and Parrot-Crossbill (L. pytyopsiUaciis), bills ... 88 

 Two-barred Crossbill (L. I. bifasciata), wing ... ... ... ... 89 



Chaffinch (Fringilla c. ccelebs), wing ... ... ... ... ... 92 



Brambling {F . montifringilla) , wing ... ... ... ... ... 95 



Brambling, from above ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 97 



Snowfinch [Montifringilla n. nivalis), wing and head ... ... 98 



House-Sparrow {Passer d. domesticus) and Tree-Sparrow {P. m. 



montanus), heads ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 101 



Corn-Bunting {Emberiza c. calandra), head ... ... ... ... 108 



Plate o. — 1, Yellow Bunting (Etnberiza c. citrinella). 2, Cirl Bunting 

 (E. cirlus). 3, Pine-Bunting {E. leucocephala). 4, Black-headed 

 Bunting {E . melanoce phala) . 5, Yellow-breasted Bunting {E . 

 aureola). 6, Ortolan Bunting [E . hortulana.) 7, Meadow- 

 Bimting {E , c. cia). 8, East Siberian Meadow-Bunting {E. 

 cioides castaneiceps), 9, Little Bunting {E. pusilla) 10, Rustic 

 Bunting {E . rustica) ... ... ... ... ... ... facing 120 



Reed-Bunting [Emberiza s. schosniclus). Western Large-billed Reed- 

 Bunting [E. p. palustris) and Eastern Large - billed Reed- 

 Bunting [E. p. tschusii), heads ... ... ... ... ... 130 



Lapland Bunting [Calcarius I. lapponicus), head and foot ... ... 138 



Snow- Bunting [Plectrophenax nivalis), $ first winter, <J ad. wings ... 142 

 White -winged Lark [Melanocorypha sibirica), wing ... ... ... 147 



Black L.a.v\<. (M. yeltoniensis), head and ioot ... ... ... ... 149 



Calandra Lark [M. c. calandra), head ... ... ... ... ... 1.51 



Short-toed Lark [Calandrella b. brachydactyla), head ... ... ... 154 



Ccested'Lark [Galerida c.cristata), head ... ... ... ... ... 157 



Wood-Lark [Ltdlula a. arborea), head and wing ... ... ... 160 



Sky-Lark [Alaiida a. arvensis), head ... ... ... ... ... 163 



Plate 6. — 1, Juvenile Snow-Bunting [Plectrophenax nivalis). 2, 

 Juvenile Wood-Lark [LuHula a. arborea). 3, Juvenile Sky- 

 Lark [Alaiida a. arvensis). 4, First-winter Richard's Pipit 

 [Anthus r. richardi). 5, Juvenile Rock-Pipit [A. s. petrosits). 

 6, 1st primaries of Sky-Lark [a) juvenile, [b) adult. 7, Crest- 

 feathers of (c) Sky-Lark, [d) Wood-Lark, [e) Crested Lark. 

 8, Rump-feathers (/) Red-throated Pipit, [g) Meadow-Pipit facing 164 

 Shore-Lark [Eremophila a. flava), head ... ... ... ... ... 168 



Richard's Pipit [Anthus r. richardi), foot ... ... ... ... 172 



Tawny Pipit (^4. c. campestris), foot ... ... ... ... ... 174 



Tree-Pipit (.4. trivialis), Meadow-Pipit (.^4. pratensis), wings and feet ... 177 

 Plate 7. — 1, Blue-headed Wagtail [Motacilla f. flava). 2, Yellow Wag- 

 tail [M. f. rayi). 3, Grey-headed Wagtail [M. /. thunbergi). 4, 

 Sykes's Wagtail [M. f. beema). 5, Ashy-headed Wagtail [M. f. 

 cinereocapilla). 6, Black-headed Wagtail (iW. /. /eWeg',^) ... facing 210 

 Gvey 'W agtaW [Motacilla c. cinere a), head ... ... ... ... 203 



Plate 8. — Pied Wagtails [M. a. lugubris) and White Wagtails [M. a. 



alba) in various plumages ... ... ... ... ... facing 192 



Masked Wagtail [M. a. personata), head ... ... ... ... 212 



British Tree-Creeper [Certhia f. brittanica), head, tail and foot ... 215 



Wall-Creeper [Tichodroma muraria), wing and bill ... ... ... 219 



British Nuthatch [Sitta e. britannica), head and foot ... ... 222 



British Great Titmouse [Paru.s m. newtoni) and Continental Great 



Titmouse (P. to. major), showing difference in bills ... ... 227 



