THE CONTINENTAL GOLDFINCH. 51 



( Black or slate-grey patch on upper-throat . . 7 

 \ No black patch on upper-throat 8 



j Rump with blackish streaks in adult . . . . C. linaria, pp. 59-64 

 1 Rump without blackish streaks in adult . . G. hornemanni, pp. 64-66 



^ Rmnp with red patch C. flaviroatria ^ ad., p. 56 



( Rump without red patch 9 



j" Back rufous, with dark brown longitudinal spots : C. cannabina, p. 68 

 ( Back brown, with blackish longitudinal spots . 10 



{Throat grey and brown, inner webs of outer tail- 

 feathers with very narrow white edge . . C citrinella, juv., p. 67 

 Throat rufescent, inner webs of outer tail-feathers 

 with wide white border . . . . C. flavirostris $ and juv., p. 57 



CARDUELIS CARDUELIS 



[Carduelis carduelis carduelis (L.) — THE CONTINENTAL 

 GOLDFINCH. 



Fringilla Carduelis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 180 (1758 — 

 Juniper woods of Europe. Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 



Description. — Adult male and female. — Like British Goldfinch 

 but of a considerably less deep colour on mantle, back, sides of 

 breast, and flanks ; nuchal spot larger and whiter ; sides of nape 

 and ear-coverts purer white ; crimson of fore-head and throat 

 decidedly deeper and more brilliant. Juvenile. — Greyer on upper- 

 parts than that of British Goldfinch. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — "Immigrant" Goldfinches are 

 recorded regularly east coast England end Sept. to early Nov. 

 Until actual specimens have been examined, however, the 

 Continental form cannot be definitely included. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Europe from about lat. 65° in Norway 

 and 60^ in Russia to the Mediterranean. Replaced in Spain and 

 north-west Africa, some Mediterranean islands, and the Atlantic 

 isles as well as in western Asia, by more or less closely-allied forms.] 



1 8. Carduelis carduelis britannica (Hart.) — THE BRITISH 

 GOLDFINCH. 



AcANTHis CARDUELIS BRiTANNicus Hartcrt, Vog. pal. Fauna, i, p. 68 

 (1903— British Isles. Type, Rottingdean) ; id., Brit. B., i, p. 211. 

 Cardttelis elegans Stephens, Yarrell, ii, p. 117 ; Saimders, p. 173. 



Description. — Adult male and female. Winter. — ^Narrow line 



E2 



