THE PINE-GROSBEAK. 



81 



Distribution. — Abroad. — ^North-east Germany, Russia, Siberia, 

 eastwards at least to the Lena River, and replaced by allied races 

 in central Asia and Kamtschatka. Migrant, but its regular winter- 

 quarters appear to be as yet uncertain ; during migration or in 

 winter occasionally in west Europe and Mediterranean countries. 



Genus PINICOLA Vieill. 



PiNicoLA Vieillot, Ois. Amer. Sept., i, p. iv (1807 — Type by monotypy 

 Pinicola rubra Vieill. = enucleator L. ). 



Large arboreal Finches ; sexes different ; young like female. 

 Larger than Carpodacus ; bill more curved ; plumage softer, longer, 

 and more plentiful. First four visible primaries about equal and 

 longest, 2nd (first visible) a little shorter than next but distinctly 

 longer than 6th. Other\\'ise like Carpodacus. One species in 

 several subspecies ; northern parts of Old and New Worlds, in 

 the latter south to California. 



PINICOLA ENUCLEATOR 



32. Pinicola enucleator enucleator (L.) — THE PINE- 

 GROSBEAK. 



LoxiA Enucleator Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 171 (1758 — North 

 of Sweden and North America. The American form, however, differs. 

 Restricted typical locality : Sweden). 

 Pyrrhula enucleator (Linnaeus), Yarrell, 11, p. 177 ; Saunders, p. 199. 



Pine-Grosbeak {Pinicola e. enucleator). 



Description. — Adult male. Winter. — Cro\Mi, nape, and rump 



rosy-pink or crimson to yellowish-scarlet ; mantle same, but 



with more of bro^Ti centres of 



feathers showing : scapulars and 



back french-grey, tipped pink : 



upper tail-coverts greyish-brown 



tinged pink and tipped pink or 



greyish-white ; sides of neck, 



ear-coverts, throat, breast, and 



sides of belly extending on to 



flanks, as crown; chin and Tme-Grosheak (Pinicola e. enucleator). 



G 



