GENUS EMBERIZA. 107 



Key to species of genus Emberiza. 



Throat black, abdomen chiefly or entirely yellow . 6 



Throat black, abdomen white 7 



Tliroat uniform yellow, abdomen rufous . E. hortulana (J ad , p. 122 

 Throat and rest of under-parts uniform yellow : 



E. melanocephala ad., p. 115 

 Throat yellow or buff, under-parta with yellow, but 



not uniform 2 



I / Throat white or buff, crown not uniform, under-parts 



^ without any yellow whatever 8 



Throat white, crown and ear-coverts black : 



E. rustica $ ad. summer, p. 129 

 Throat greyish-white, crown and ear-coverts chestnut : 



E. castaneiceps t^ ad., p. 127 

 Throat uniform grey, abdomen rufous, ear-coverts 



greyish E. cia ^ ad., p. 124 



Throat chestnut, middle of abdomen white : 

 ^ E. leucocephala ^ ad., p. 113 



I Rump and upper tail-coVerts distinctly chestnut . 3 

 Rump and upper tail-coverts not distinctly, or without 

 any, chestnut 4 



„ (■ Crown yellow or brown E. citrinella, p. 110 



\ Crown chestnut E. aureola <J ad. winter, p. 117 



4 



5 



^Tail with white 5 



(Tail without pure white ... E. melanocephala juv., p. 116 



r Under wing-coverts sulphur yellow . . E. cirlus $ and juv., p. 120 

 \ Under wing-coverts white ... E. aureola $ and juv., p. 118 



f Crown black, back uniform chestnut : E. melanocephala ^ var., p. 115 



J Crown and rump dark chestnut : . E. aureola ^ ad. summer, p. 118 



Crown and rump olive-green or brown and striped : 



E. cirlus ^ ad., p. 120 



1' 



(■Bill slender, culmen very slightly curved : E. schoeniclus ^ ad., p. 133 

 \Bill thick, culmen strongly curved . . . E. palustris ^ ad., p. 136 



(No white in tail E. calandra ^, $ and juv., p. 108 



(With white in tail .......... 9 



(Rump more or less chestnut .10 



(Rump without chestnut . 13 



{Lesser upper wing-coverts and spots on chest chest- 

 nut E. rustica ^ ad. winter, $ and juv., p. 128 

 No chestnut spots on chest nor chestnut upper wing- 

 coverts 11 



