12 



108 A PRACTICAL HAI4DBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



r Ear-coverts chestnut ...... E. castaneiceps ? ad., p. 127 



(Ear-coverts brownish 12 



Middle of abdomen white . . . . E. leucocephala $ and juv., p. 114 



Middle of abdomen buff or rufescent, tips of median 



coverts whitish E. cia $ and juv., p. 125 



Middle of abdomen buff, tips of median coverts buff : 



E. castaneiceps juv., p. 127 



(Ear-coverts Tiniform cinnamon-rufous E. ptisilla, p. 131 



(Ear-coverts not uniform cinnamon-rufous ... 14 



f Belly rufous-buff E. hortulana'^ and iuv., v. 123 



(Belly wliitish 15 



(Bill slender, culmen very slightly curved : 

 E. schceniclus $ and juv., p. 134 

 Bill thick, culmen strongly curved : E. palustris $ and juv., p. 136 



EMBERIZA CALANDRA* 



42. Emberiza calandra calandra L.— THE CORN-BUNTING. 



Embebiza Calandba Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x, i, p. 17(3 (1758 — 

 "Habitat in Europa." Restricted typical locality: Sweden). 

 Emberiza miliaria Linnaeus, Yarrell, 11, p. 38 ; Samiders, p. 207. 



Description. — Adult tnale and female. Winter. — Upper-parts 

 yellowish- to greyish-bro^\-n streaked black -broAMi, rump and upper 

 tail-coverts with fewer and much 

 finer streaks and latter A\ith 

 AA'hitish tips ; lores and cliin 

 uniform buff ; ear-coverts as 

 croAMi ; indistinct stripe behind 

 eye, base of sides of neck, throat, 

 breast, and flanks buff A\ith trian- 

 gular spots and streaks of black- 



brOMTl ; centre of breast ^ith few Corn-Buntmg '^(EmberL c. calandra). 



streaks and belly Avithout streaks 

 yellowish-buff or buffish-white ; imder tail-coverts with pale brown 

 centres ; axillaries pale pinkish- or yello\\-ish-buff ; tail-feathers dark 

 broA^-n Anth buff tips and fringes (outer pair occasionally A\ith faint 

 indication of wedge-shaped mark on inner webs) ; primaries black- 

 broAMi inner webs narrowly fringed whitish, outer A\ebs buffish- 

 broMH ; secondaries same but with more rufous fringes, especially 

 innermost which have wider fringes and pale tips ; greater and 

 median coverts as inner secondaries ; lesser coverts more greyish- 



* In 1758 Linnaeus named the Corn-Bunting calandra, and we cannot 

 accept his alteration of 1766, when he called it miliaria without 

 explanation. — E.H. 



