THE FIELDFARE. 393 



Description (Plate 14). — Adtdt male. Winter. — Fore-head and 

 crowia bluish-grey slightly tinged brownish and each feather with 

 brown -black centre varjdng in size ; nape, hind -neck, rump and 

 upjDer tail-coverts same, but without black centres and feathers 

 of rump usually with whitish shaft-streaks ; mantle and scapulars 

 dark chestnut -browii, centres of feathers blackish and tips paler 

 and greyish ; indistinct line from nostrils, over and behind eye 

 greyish-white to creamy-buff ; lores and under eye black ; ear- 

 coverts as nape ; chin, throat and centre of breast warm bu£E with 

 brown-black streaks varying considerably in number, size and 

 shajDC ; feathers of sides of breast and flanks with brown-black 

 centres, bordered with rusty-buff and tipped white ; lower-breast 

 Mhite, tinged buff ; belly white, some feathers with concealed dark 

 markings ; under tail-coverts with dark browaiish-grey bases and 

 edgings and long white tips and centres ; axillaries and under 

 wing-coverts white ; tail broAvn-black (with obsolete dark bars 

 observable in certain lights), outer webs fringed gre;yash at base, 

 outer pair with narrow whitish margin at tip of inner webs ; pri- 

 maries brown-black, inner web grejdsh at base, outer webs of outer 

 feathers fringed grey, those of inner feathers browTier ; secon- 

 daries with outer webs fringed more broadly with more chestnut- 

 brown but greyish at tips ; primary -co verts as outer primaries ; 

 greater and median wing-coverts with inner webs dark brow7i and 

 outer webs mostly chestnut -brown with pale grey tips ; lesser 

 wing-coverts with less chestnut, more grey and dark centres. This 

 plumage is acquired by complete moult in July-Sept. Summer. — 

 No moult. Abrasion makes blackish centres of feathers of crown 

 conspicuous, nape and rump purer grey, mantle rather paler, under- 

 parts less buflf and dark markings more conspicuous. 



Adult female. Winter. — Like adult male, but crown, nape and 

 rump more washed with brownish, and feathers of crown with 

 smaller black centres ; mantle, scapulars and edgings of secondaries 

 and wing-coverts paler, not such rich chestnut -brown ; throat and 

 breast usually paler, not such deep buff ; dark markings on flanks 

 browner and not so solid. Same moult as male. Summer. — Same 

 differences as winter, but head, nape and rump purer grey. 



Nestling. — (Not examined.) 



Juvenile. Male and female.— Crown and nape greyish-brown, 

 feathers with whitish shaft-streaks ; rump same but rather greyer ; 

 upper tail -coverts same but with pale tips ; mantle and scapulars 

 brown, feathers with whitish to pale buflf centres (varying in size) 

 and with blackish tips ; line from nostrils, over and behind eye 

 creamy-buflf ; lores and line under eye blackish ; ear -coverts pale 

 buflf marked with grey and black ; chin and centre of upper-throat 

 pale buff, sides and low^er-throat and breast rather deeper buflf, 

 each feather tipped with roundish black-brown spot ; rest of under- 

 parts white spotted same but with few^ spots in centre of belly 



