THE KOCK-THRUSH. 423 



Adult female. Winter. — Upper-parts like adult male winter 

 but paler brown with scarcely anj'" tinge of slate-blue and feathers 

 of lower mantle and back only with dull buflfish-white bases entirely 

 concealed ; upper tail-coverts paler orange -chestnut than in adult 

 male and with blackish subterminal bands ; lores buff to whitish ; 

 ear-coverts, sides of neck and sides of throat as male but Avith 

 bases dull slate-grey entirely concealed ; chin and centre of throat 

 pale buff to creamy-white ; rest of under-parts pale buff to orange- 

 buff (occasionally a few feathers orange-chestnut as adult male), 

 feathers tipped huffish -white and with brown -black crescentic 

 subterminal bands more numerovis than in adult male but sparse 

 on centre of belly ; under tail-coverts, under wing-coverts and 

 axillaries paler than in adult male ; tail as male ; wing-feathers 

 and wing-coverts as male but not so dark brown and without any 

 bluish tinge on outer webs of primary- and greater coverts. Moult 

 as in male. (N.B. — ^Abrasion has not a great effect as in male 

 but upper-parts become plainer brown by wearing off of many 

 pale tips.) Summer. — Moult as in male. New plumage like old 

 but usually more chestnut on under-parts. Abrasion causes 

 feathers of head and mantle to show certain amount of slate and 

 back buffish-white. 



Nestling. — (Not examined.) 



Juvenile. Male and female. — Upper-parts much like winter 

 adult female but more buff, less brown and with grey bases of 

 feathers showing a good deal, feathers with dark brown tips as well 

 as penultimate bands ; under-parts buff, feathers fringed brown, 

 those of centre of belly and under tail-coverts uniform buff ; wings 

 and wing-coverts as female but browner and fringes and tips more 

 buff, median and innermost greater coverts and innermost second- 

 aries with a buff mesial sjoot. 



First winter. Male. — Like adult male but upper-parts browner 

 not so blackish and bases of feathers not so blue, bases of scapulars 

 Avith less white ; wings browner and buff mesial spots on innermost 

 greater coverts and secondaries sometimes observable ; chin and 

 middle of throat whitish with only occasional slate-blue feathers ; 

 rest of under-parts rather paler chestnut than adult male. The 

 juvenile body-feathers, lesser and median wing-coverts and occa- 

 sionally one or two innermost secondaries and greater coverts are 

 moulted July-Sept., but not rest of wings or tail. Summer. — Moult 

 as adult male, after which it becomes (especially when abraded) 

 impossible to distinguish with certainty but usually has browner 

 wings, longer buff tijjs to upper-parts and some feathers of under- 

 jjarts with black crescentic bands. 



First winter and summer. Female. — Apparently impossible to 

 distinguish with certainty from adult female. 



Measurements and structure. — (^ wing 117-129, tail 60-G() 

 tarsus 26-29.5, bill from skull 23-25 (12 measured). 2 wing 114-123 



