THE GREENLAND WHEATEAR. 429 



sometimes 5, occasionally 7, pale blue, unmarked in most cases, 

 but occasionally showing dark red-broA\ii spots. Average of 50 

 eggs, 20.7x15.8 mm. Breeding-season. — Late April or early Ma}'. 

 Incubation. — Chiefly by hen, but male also takes part. Period 

 about 14 days. Usually single brooded, but said to be double 

 brooded in Shetlands. 



Food. — Chiefly insects : coleoptera {GeodejjJmga, small Carabida% 

 StaphylinidcB, and RhyncopJioridcje), diptera (Muscidce, TipuUdce), 

 hymenoptera (including Bomb us and ants), larvae of lepidoptera, 

 etc. Also minute land mollusca and spiders. 



Distribution. — British Isles. — Summer -resident ; said to winter 

 occasionally. Widely distributed, though local. Also passage- 

 migrant. 



Migrations. — British Isles. — Summer-residents begin to arrive 

 second week March (early dates Sussex, Jan. 6, 1912 ; I. of Wight, 

 Feb. 22, 1913 ; Suffolk, Feb. 28, 1912 ; March 1, 5, 6.) Main 

 arrival end of third week March to mid-April. Passage-migration 

 throughout country, but specially conspicuous by east and west 

 coastal routes (Channel to northern isles) from last few days March 

 to mid -May, stragglers to nearly mid -June. Summer-residents 

 begin to move south mid-July and leave south coast early Aug. 

 (early date July 10/11, 1910 St. Catherine's Lt. (I. of Wight)), 

 later on movement becomes merged in that of passage-migrants 

 that begin to arrive in northern isles early Sept. and pass south by 

 east and west coastal routes, and possibly overland to some extent 

 as well, up to third week Oct. Evidence also of immigration on 

 to east coast (Forth to Thames) from about mid-Sept. Stragglers 

 continue to pass in most years up to mid-Nov. (late date 20, Flannan 

 Isles, O.H.) Evidence of passage-migration east coast Ireland, 

 spring and autumn. 



Distribution. — Abroad. — Whole of Europe to north (and possibl}- 

 south) Spain, east, central and north Asia and northern Alaska ; 

 wintering in tropical Africa. Represented by other forms in Green- 

 land and Iceland and in the Atlas Mountains, while distribution 

 and characters of others which have been separated require further 

 study and confirmation. 



177. CEnanthe cenanthe leucorrhoa (Gm.) — THE GREEN- 

 LAND WHEATEAR. 



MoTACiLLA LEUCORHOA Gmeliii, Syst. Nat., i, ii, p. 966 (1789 — Senegal). 



Saxi^ola cenanthe (L.), Saunders, p. 19 (part). 



Saxicola cenanthe leucorrhoa (Gmelin), C. B. Ticehurst, Brit. B., 11, p.271. 



Description. — Adidt male. Winter. — ^Like adult male (Enanthe oe. 

 cenanthe but rather browner and less grey upper-parts, ear-coverts 



