of the Parallelism of Contemporaneous Lines of Elevation. 4 1 1 



level. We may state generally, that this range of faults ex- 

 tends almost 20 miles from Maihan Tarn to Kirby Lonsdale, 

 where the limestone skirting the Westmoreland slate moun- 

 tains on the south appears connected with the subsided por- 

 tion proceeding from Giggleswick Scar*. 



North of this, on the borders of Cumberland, we find at the 

 foot of the western escarpment of the great calcareous chain 

 of Cross Fell, a protruding ridge of greenstone rocks at Duf- 

 ton Pike, &c, attended by shattered portions of carboniferous 

 limestone and.;Coal ; and in the great calcareous chain itself 

 we trace several faults, some very considerable, associated with 

 the presence of the great whin sill in Upper Teesdale; and a 

 little further north we have the great Burtreeford dyke (head 

 of Weardale) ranging N. and S., and occasioning a subsidence 

 of 80 fathoms to the west in the different members of the 

 limestone series. At the head ofTynedalewe have similar 

 faults, apparently connected with the western prolongation of 

 the great Northumberland 90-fathom dyke; but this, as we 

 have seen, is certainly posterior to the age of the magnesian 

 lime, and we are yet unable to pronounce how far many of 

 those just noticed may not be equally recent, only that it cer- 

 tainly appears that the disturbances connected with the erup- 

 tion of the trap rocks at Dufton are to be referred to our pre- 

 sent aara, being posterior to the coal-measures, which are ele- 

 vated and shattered, and anterior to the new red, which re- 

 poses against these fractured masses horizontally. 



Our information is yet imperfect as to the termination of 

 this great calcareous chain against the Cheviot group; still 

 less are we acquainted with the structure and phagnomena of 

 the great Scotch coal-field. 



IV. Elevations which appear to have affected the transition 

 rocks anteriorly to the deposition of the carboniferous series. 



An attentive examination of the phaenomena of the great 

 Scotch coal-field, and the relative position of the older rocks 

 near their junction, would throw great light on this part of 

 our inquiry. As to these points our present information is al- 

 together deficient; but the general line of elevation of the 

 southern transition chain clearly ranges E.N.E. and W.S.W. 

 In the Cumbrian Lake district, as the lines of direction of the 

 included transition series of formations are entirely uncon- 

 formable to the position of the zone of carboniferous lime- 

 stone which ranges round them, reposing indifferently on the 

 younger member of that series on the S.E. and against the 

 oldest portions of the system on the N.W., we must at once 



• Mr. Phillips docs not exactly explain whether the calcareous conglo- 

 merate of the new led occurring ^ Westhouses below Kingsrfale is or i* 

 not affected by these consul iotH. 



,'i G '_> 



