SURVIVING INDIAN 
These islands total around 4,481 acres 
and the land is under family allot- 
ment. The State has encouraged agri- 
culture by payments in past years, but 
the Indians are reluctant to engage 
in it. The principal settlements are 
at Old Town on Indian Island, some 
12 miles north of Bangor, and on Old 
Lennon and Lincoln Islands. In 1915 
the Penobscot totaled 22 families, 
and in 1939. there were 580 persons in 
the tribe. Considerable intermixture 
has taken place with the other two 
Indian tribes of Maine, the Passa- 
maquoddy and Malecite. 
The Penobscot have a tribal gov- 
ernment of their own, which is subject 
to the State of Maine, but have no 
Federal relationship. ‘There are two 
political parties among these people, 
the Old Party and the New Party, 
each of which has an alternate term 
of 2 years in power with its own gov- 
ernor, lieutenant governor, represent- 
ative to the State legislature, con- 
stable, council members, and minor 
officials. 
Passamaquoddy.—This tribe, residing 
mainly on the south side of Passa- 
maquoddy Bay and on nearby Lewis 
Island, now numbers around 500 
members. Their principal settlement 
is at Point Pleasant and there is 
another near Princeton (in Princeton 
Township) to the north of the first. 
They also have their own tribal gov- 
ernment and representative in the 
State legislature. 
Both the Penobscot and Passama- 
quoddy are mostly Roman Catholics, 
and the two Indian schools at Point 
Pleasant and Old Town have teachers 
supplied by the church, while the 
financial support is supplied by the 
State. Health conditions are good in 
both tribes, and where necessary the 
State provides payment for physi- 
cian’s care. Basketmaking, garden- 
ing, and poultry raising are prominent 
industries. The Algonkian Indian 
speech is retained by these two major 
tribes. 
409 
GROUPS—GILBERT 
2. New Hampshire 
No important surviving social groups 
of Indians are recorded for New 
Hampshire. There are a few Penna- 
cook Indians near Manchester, how- 
ever. 
3. Vermont 
No surviving social groups of Indians 
are recorded for Vermont, although 
the census records a few scattered 
individuals. 
4, Massachusetts 
In 1930 the census recorded 874 
Indians in Massachusetts, 356 in 
Barnstable County (Cape Cod), 178 
in Bristol County (along the eastern 
border of Rhode Island), and 83 in 
Worcester County (in the east-central 
part of the State). The Cape Cod 
Indians are centered at Mashpee, 
Yarmouth, and Waquoit, while those 
in Bristol are near Fall River. At 
Gay Head, the westernmost part of 
Martha’s Vineyard Island (Dukes 
County), there is a considerable group 
of pottery-making Indians (178 in 
1930), mainly Wampanoags. In Plym- 
outh County there are Indians at 
Assawompset Pond, while in Norfolk 
County there is a group located at 
Canton. 
Only 2.5 percent of Massachusetts 
Indians are reported as full-bloods 
and the rest are mixed with white 
blood and to a great extent with 
Negro blood, and with the Portuguese 
‘‘Bravas.” These Indians are Bap- 
tists, attend public schools, and only 
2.3 percent of those 10 years old or 
over were returned as illiterate in the 
1930 census. 
Two groups that stand out among 
the Massachusetts Indians are the 
Mashpee and the Nipmuc. ‘The 
Mashpee live by fishing, making and 
selling of baskets, oystering, and cran- 
berry picking. Like the Indians of 
Gay Head they are an organized 
‘tribe’ with an elected chief. 
