410 
The Hassanamisco Band of Nipmuc 
are still to be found scattered in var- 
ious towns of central Massachusetts 
(Grafton, Worcester, Boston, Gardner, 
and Mendon), and there are a few at 
Mystic, Conn., and Blackstone, R. I. 
The present-day family names of this 
group are Barber, Belden, Brown, 
Cisco or Sisco, Curliss, Gidger or 
Gigger, Gimbey, Hamilton, Hector, 
Heminway, Lewis, Moore, Peters, 
Scott, Tony, and Williams. The Nip- 
muc still cling tenaciously to their 
Indian identity and are set apart from 
Whites of the underprivileged class 
and also from mulattoes and Negroes. 
Apart from their traditions there is 
nothing in their manner of life which 
would set them apart. They are em- 
ployed in skilled crafts and industries 
and in government offices. 
5. Rhode Island 
The census for 1930 records 318 In- 
dians in Rhode Island, 170 in Wash- 
ington County (along the southern 
coast near Kingston), and 138 in 
Providence County (in the northern 
parts of the State). Of the total, 19.5 
percent were recorded as pure-bloods, 
13.2 percent as mixed-bloods, while 
67.3 percent were not recorded. 
There is said to be considerable mix- 
ture with both white and Negro blood, 
the lighter-skinned holding aloof from 
the darker group. These people at- 
tend the public schools, and about 2 
percent of those 10 years old and over 
are recorded as illiterate. As in the 
case of the Massachusetts Indians, 
most of the Indian traditions and 
customs are lost, including the native 
speech. The Narragansett Associa- 
tion was incorporated under charter 
from the State in 1935 to include all 
tribesmen and now claims around 260 
members. ‘The dark mixed-bloods are 
said to have their own organization. 
6. Connecticut 
In 1930 the total number of Indians 
recorded for Connecticut by the census 
was 162. ‘These were mostly scattered 
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1948 
in a few settlements along the sea coast 
and inland in New London County. 
The largest concentration is in the 
Groton area near the town of New 
London, where the Mohegan and 
Pequot tribesmen still survive. 
There are about 75 members of the 
Pequot Tribe located on two State 
reservations at Ledyard Town and 
Stonington Town in New London 
County. These groups own their own 
lands. A distinct tribe are the Mohe- 
gans who are located on the west bank 
of the Thames River 4 miles east of 
Norwich at the village of Mohegan 
and at Mohegan Hill. The Schaghti- 
coke are a small handful of families 
located in Fairfield County on. the 
western border of the State where the 
Housatonic bends westward almost to 
the New York border. There is a 
small group of Indians at Niantic, 
west of the town of New London, and 
a similar small group on land of the 
Paugusetts near Bridgeport. All these 
various groups are under the State of 
Connecticut Park and Forest Com- 
mission. Some survivals of Indian 
arts are to be found such as basketry, 
woodcarving, beadwork, and nature 
lore, especially among the Mohegan 
and Pequot. 
The census reports 9.3 percent of 
Connecticut Indians as _ full-bloods, 
30.2 percent as mixed, and 60.5 per- 
cent as not recorded. As in Rhode 
Island and Massachusetts, there has 
been mixture with both white and 
Negro blood, and Indian traditions 
and speech have been almost entirely 
lost. About 2 percent of those 10 
years of age and over were reported as 
illiterate in 1930. When the Mohegan 
Association was formed by a State 
charter in 1920 to include all tribes- 
men, a total of 122 members were 
claimed. 
7. New York 
A total of 6,973 Indians was recorded 
for New York State in 1930. The ma- 
jority of these were Iroquois tribesmen 
concentrated up-State on reservations 
in northern, central, and western New 
