414 
the Jackson Whites of the northern 
counties, the Pineys of the central pine 
barrens, and the Moors and Gould- 
town people of Cumberland County 
in the southern part of the State. 
Near Eaton Town in Monmouth 
County, N. J., a band of Indians set- 
tled before the Revolutionary War. 
They were supposedly descended from 
Tuscarora or Cherokee migrants from 
North Carolina. At a somewhat later 
date they located at Asbury Park upon 
a site called Sand Hill. They came to 
be known as the Sand Hill Indians of 
Monmouth County and their home 
was Called ‘“‘The Reservation” or 
‘Richardson Heights” after the name 
of one of their prominent members. 
Within the last 30 years the members 
of this group have largely scattered to 
other locations. Indian traditions and 
arts have survived among this group 
until the present time. Beadwork and 
basketry have been made in recent 
years. 
Jackson Whites.—As already noted, 
the Jackson Whites totaling 5,000 or 
more, are scattered over parts of New 
York and New Jersey. As such they 
form an interstate population. They 
are a mixed-blood group, descendants 
of white, Indian, and in some areas 
Negro ancestors. They live by culti- 
vation of the hillsides with a patch of 
corn or potatoes here and there, by 
hunting, and by keeping a few pigs, 
chickens, and now and then a cow. 
They are mainly located in the 
Ramapo Valley and the adjoining 
hills in Passaic, Bergen, and Morris 
Counties along the northern border. 
Wherever possible they are encour- 
aged to enter local public schools. 
Split basketry and carved wooden 
utensils are manufactured as domestic 
industries. 
Pineys.—The Pineys in Burlington 
and adjacent counties are partly pure- 
blooded whites in some sections and 
mixed-bloods in others. At New Lis- 
bon, about 25 miles directly east of 
Philadelphia, the colored or mixed- 
blood Pineys are most prominent, and 
these are said to contain a considerable 
ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1948 
contingent of Indian blood. Not far 
to the south of New Lisbon was the 
site of the last Indian reservation in 
New Jersey. The number of the 
Pineys has been estimated at 5,000. 
Like the Jackson Whites, the Pineys 
are a neglected group who make a 
living by cranberry picking, weaving 
baskets, manufacturing ax handles, 
trapping, bootlegging, and doing odd 
jobs for nearby farmers. A few raise 
chickens and vegetables for home con- 
sumption. Like the Jackson Whites 
and certain Indian groups in southern 
New England, the asserted presence of 
Hessian blood may be a factor in 
stigmatizing these people. 
Moors.—Around Bridgeton in Cum- 
berland County, southern New Jersey, 
is a colony of the so-called Moors who 
seem to have come from central Dela- 
ware across Delaware Bay. These 
people appear to have Indian, Negro, 
and white antecedents and will be 
mentioned in more detail in the sec- 
tion on Delaware. Like the Jackson 
Whites, they constitute a part-Indian 
unorganized division of the popula- 
tion who are differentiated from their 
white and Negro neighbors. Also 
similarly to the Jackson Whites, they 
constitute an interstate population. 
Near Bridgeton is a settlement called 
Gouldtown which is inhabited by a 
mixed people like the Moors but who 
seem to be of separate origin from 
them. The Gouldtown people have 
been regarded as light mulattoes by 
their neighbors. 
9. Pennsylvania 
The Seneca Indians of the Corn- 
planter Reservation in Warren County 
present an interstate Indian popula- 
tion just as the Jackson Whites do 
farther east. The Cornplanter area 
is close to the Allegany Reservation 
just over the line in New York State. 
There are about 30 Senecas and a 
few Onondagas living on the 800 
acres of the Cornplanter Reservation. 
According to the 1930 census, of 
Pennsylvania’s 523 Indians, 40 per- 
cent were pure-bloods, 29 percent 
