10 SMITHSONIAN. MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 59 
60,000 to 80,000 graves of pilgrims who had come from widely 
separated regions. The valley of Chicama, near Trujillo, with the 
neighboring country, was the seat of the powerful people known after 
one of their chiefs as Chimu. 
Fic. 6.—View of the southwestern part of Pachacamac, from the north. 
As to the importance of the 
material collected, Dr. Hrdlicka 
remarks: 
“Peru may well be regarded, 
even in its present territorial re- 
strictions, as the main key to the 
anthropology of South America. 
Due to the numbers of its ancient 
inhabitants, and to their far- 
reaching social differentiations, 
indicating long occupancy, a 
good knowledge of the people of 
Peru from the earliest times is 
very desirable, and would con- 
Fic. 7,—Figure cast from a mold found in 
the valley of Chicama, Peru. 
stitute a solid basis from which 
