NO. II SMITHSONIAN EXPEDITIONS, I[QIO-IQII 9 
and investigated. The evidence gathered does not sustain a large 
part of the claims that have been made. The human bones and the 
archeological specimens which should represent races geologically 
ancient agree in all important characteristics with the bones and 
work of the American Indian ; and the finds, so far as observed, while 
often in close relation with early quaternary or tertiary deposits, are 
only intrusive. Furthermore, the original sources of some specimens 
that present certain morphological peculiarities are not so well 
established that scientific deductions of great consequence can be 
safely drawn therefrom. 
The expedition secured numerous geological, paleontological, and 
anthropological specimens, some of which throw much light on the 
question of the antiquity of the finds to which they relate. These 
specimens are being identified and described in the National Museum, 
and in due time Dr. Hrdli¢ka and Mr. Willis will present a detailed 
report on their investigations. 
ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESEARCHES AT PACHACAMAC, PERU 
Following the researches in Argentina, Dr. Hrdlicka visited the 
great ruins of the temples and city of Pachacamac, about 18 miles 
Fic. 5.—View of the Sun Temple, Pachacamac, from northeast. 
south of Lima, and also the ruins and cemeteries in the district of 
Trujillo, Peru, where he cellected upward of 3400 crania and a 
quantity of other skeletal parts. A large percentage cf the gathered 
skulls are free from artificial deformation and therefore afford a much 
better opportunity than previous collections for a critical study of the 
peoples who centuries ago occupied and congregated in these regions. 
Pachacamac was a religious center, much like the Egyptian Thebes 
and the Mohammedan Mecca, to which pilgrims flocked from all 
parts of Peru. After the destruction of the Temple of the Sun by 
the Spaniards, the place became a desolate pile of ruins with from 
