14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 60 
a large number of the natives from all parts of the country. Besides 
the field observations an examination was also made of the anthropo- 
logical collections in the various Siberian museums within the area 
covered. The results were unexpectedly rich. 
Dr. Hrdliéka saw or was told of thousands upon thousands of 
burial mounds or “ kourgans,” dating from the present time back to 
the period when nothing but stone implements were used by man in 
Fic. 13.—Oroezi, on the stream Koni, Eastern Siberia. Photograph donated 
by Prof. J. Talko-Hryncewicz. 
those regions. And he saw and learned of numerous large caverns, 
particularly in the mountains bordering the Yenisei River, which 
yield human remains and offer excellent opportunities for investi- 
gation. 
In regard to the living people, there were opportunities of seeing 
numerous Buriats, representatives of a number of tribes on the Yeni- 
sei and Abacan Rivers, many thousands of Mongolians, a number of 
Tibetans, and many Chinese, with a few Manchurians. On one occa- 
sion alone, that of an important religious ceremony, 7,000 natives 
could be seen assembled from all parts of Mongolia. 
