no. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I9Q13 47 
low ridge at an oblique angle, the excavation reaches a depth of 
nearly 100 feet. The outer margin is buried beneath heavy bodies of 
ancient dump material which now supports numerous chestnut trees, 
the trunks of which are four or five feet in diameter. The modern 
operators of the mine who have worked the vein at the upper end 
to the depth of 300 feet have filled the old trenches deserted by the 
aborigines. 
So far as could be determined, the implements used in excavating 
the decomposed schists and breaking up the vein material, thus free- 
ing the mica crystals, were rude picks and hammers of stone, a few 
examples of which were found. Drawings of these are shown in 
figure 47. 
Mr. Holmes extended his reconnoissance into South Carolina, 
where an ancient mound of large dimensions, situated twelve miles 
below Columbia on the Congaree River, was examined. A plan of 
the mound was made, and an examination of an ancient burial site 
on the edge of the mound yielded numerous relics of pottery and 
stone. 
Near Waynesboro, Georgia, a number of ancient village sites and 
certain outcrops of flint, where the aborigines had obtained the 
material for their implements, were examined. Later, in the spring, 
Mr. Holmes visited St. Louis, Missouri, with the view of studying 
the very interesting collections owned in that city, and accompanied 
by Mr. Gerard Fowke spent a day at Mill Creek, Illinois, making 
collections on the ancient quarry and shop sites of that locality. He 
later extended his excursion to Davenport, Madison, Milwaukee, 
Chicago, and Columbus, for the purpose of making studies in the mu- 
seums of those cities. 
ANTHROPOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN PERU 
Dr. Ales Hrdli¢ka, of the National Museum, has made a second 
report * concerning his field-work in Peru during the past year, in 
connection with the Panama-California Exposition at San Diego, for 
which a very important exhibit in physical anthropology is being 
prepared. The investigations extended over several hundred miles 
of the Peruvian coast and over hitherto unexplored regions in the 
western Cordilleras. The objects of this trip, which occupied the first 
four months of 1913, were to determine the anthropological relations 
* Anthropological Work in Peru in 1913, with Notes on the Pathology of 
the Ancient Peruvians. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., Vol. 61, No. 18, 1914. 
