No. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, I913 53 
trary. Aside from the cemeteries or burial caves of the common coast 
or mountain people, and their archeological remains, there was no sign 
of human occupation of these regions. Not a trace suggesting any- 
thing older than the well-represented pre-Columbian Indian was 
found anywhere; and neither the coast nor the mountain population, 
so far as studied, can be regarded as very ancient in the regions they 
inhabited. No signs indicated that any group occupied any of the 
sites for even as long as 20 centuries; nor does it seem that any of 
these people developed their culture, except in some particulars, in 
these places. 
ARCHEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS IN WESTERN NEW MEXICO 
Mr. F. W. Hodge, ethnologist-in-charge of the Bureau of Ameri- 
can Ethnology, in the early autum of 1913 made a reconnoissance of 
Fic. 54.—Character of masonry shown in one of the house-groups of the 
compound. Note the failure of the builders to “break” the joints and the 
consequent weakening of an otherwise excellent wall. The face of the stones 
is pecked to smoothness and all the stones are artificially squared. Photograph 
by Nusbaum. 
a group of ruins on a mesa rising from the southwestern margin of 
the Cebollita valley, about 20 miles south of Grant, Valencia County, 
New Mexico, and only a few yards from the great lava flow that has 
spread over the valley to the westward for many miles. While no 
very definite information regarding the origin of this ruined pueblo 
