No. 8 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, 1913 57 
las yet been obtained, there 1s reason to suppose that it was occupiec 
has yet been obtained, th t that it occupied 
by ancestors of the Tanyi, or Calabash, clan of the Acoma tribe, and 
is possibly the one known to them as Kowina. 
These ruins consist of a number of house-groups forming a com- 
pound, built on an almost impregnable height, and designed for de- 
Fic. 59.—Small cliff-house on the northern 
side of Cebollita valley. Photograph by Nus- 
haum. 
fence ; not only the groups but the individual houses have the form 
of fortifications, while the vulnerable point of the mesa rim 1s pro- 
tected by means of a rude breastwork of stones. 
The outer wall, which protects the whole mesa, 1s built of excep- 
tionally fine masonry, probably the finest work to be found in ancient 
