7O SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 66 
adobe, reenforced by bunches of rabbit-brush or the young twigs of 
sage. Qn the rear wall of this same cave were many representations 
of mythological beings, painted in red, white, brown, and yellow. 
Another cave in this canyon contained the ruins of four uncon- 
nected cliff-houses and a subterranean kiva measuring 14 feet in 
diameter. The fact that the four houses of this small cliff-village 
were entirely detached is quite novel and may lead to extensive revi- 
sion in prevailing theories regarding the origin of the great communal 
houses built by prehistoric peoples south and east of the Rio Colorado. 
Several caves in Cave Canyon are now flooded with water, but 
bear unmistakable evidence of having been formerly occupied by 
Fic. 86.—Tipi circles or old camp-sites on the hills overlooking Willow Creek, 
Wyoming. 
primitive peoples. Exposed mounds in Johnson Canyon, about 15 
miles east of Kanab, indicate the sites of rectangular dwellings similar 
to those near Beaver City, with the exception that stone was freely 
employed in the construction of the walls. 
Mr. Judd’s preliminary examination of the archeological remains 
in western Utah shows that at least three distinct types of prehistoric 
habitations formerly existed; that artifacts found in the two types 
first mentioned indicate a close cultural affinity between their builders, 
and that the second and third types possess many characteristics in 
common, together with an unmistakable cultural relationship with 
the pre-Puebloan ruins scattered widely throughout the southwest. 
After leaving Salt Lake City on his return journey to Washington, 
Mr. Judd made a hurried visit to the * Spanish Diggings,” a series 
