NO. 17 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, IQI6 gl 
to determine the northern limit of this peculiar prehistoric structure. 
For this purpose Doctor Fewkes made a trip to Hill Canyon, 40 miles 
south of Ouray, Utah, having learned from Mr. Kneale, agent of 
the Ute, of hitherto undescribed ruins of unusual character in that 
neighborhood. 
The ruins in Hill Canyon belong to the true tower type, but they 
were built at times on top of rocks of mushroom shape, which has: 
led to the designation ** Mushroom Rock ruins” (fig. g4), and 
seems to have placed them in another category. Several of these 
towers were photographed (figs. 95-97) by Mr. T. G. Lemmon, a 
volunteer associate, and the writer made sketches of the ground- 
Fic. 97.—Eight Mile Ruin, Hill Canyon, Utah. Photograph by T. G. Lemmon. 
plans of those he could enter. These observations not only add to 
our knowledge of the northern limit of the zone in which towers 
occur, but also introduce to the archeologist several striking forms 
bearing on important theoretical questions. So far as his obser- 
vations on these hitherto unknown ruins have gone, Doctor Fewkes 
regards them as sacred buildings, comparable with the towers along 
the Yellowjacket, a branch of McElmo Canyon. They have all 
the appearance of tower kivas, sometimes single, more often in 
clusters, accompanied with rectangular buildings. 
At the close of the work on Far View House, a trip was made 
from Mancos, Colorado, down the McEImo Canyon, to examine in 
a comparative way, towers, round, square, or semicircular, in Cannon 
