NO. 17 SMITHSONIAN EXPLORATIONS, 1916 111 
graves, and above them hung garments which were evidently tattered 
by long exposure. 
The material culture of the people received attention and specimens 
have been added to the Ute collection in the National Museum. 
Notable among these are a set of grinding stones for corn, with 
specimens of corn, and of bread made by mixing the finely-crushed 
corn with water and baking it on heated ground, from which coals 
have been removed. Pinon nuts form a staple article of food among 
the Ute; some of these parched and still covered with the ashes in 
which they had been prepared, were added to the collection. Berries 
were gathered, dried, and prepared in various ways. Figure 115 
shows the baskets used for this purpose, it being stated that the 
berries were placed in the smaller basket when picked, then emptied 
into the larger basket by passing it over the shoulder. Nets for 
trapping rabbits were woven from the outer-bark of reeds, a specimen 
of this netting being made by a blind man. The frame used for this 
purpose and the manner of beginning the net are shown in figure 114. 
Analysis of the Ute songs presents many striking contrasts to that 
of the Sioux and the Chippewa, in which connection it is interesting 
to note the difference in the environment of these tribes, as well as 
in their temperament and tribal history. It is not unlikely that all 
these may have affected the form assumed by the musical expression 
of these several peoples. 
ETHNOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON 
On July 19, 1916, Dr. Leo J. Frachtenberg left Portland, Oregon, 
where he spent the preceding winter and spring in the prepara- 
tion for publication of the Alsea texts and traditions that were 
collected by him in 1910 and 1913. On that day he proceeded to the 
Quileute reservation,- situated at Lapush, in the northwestern part 
of Washington, with a view of making an exhaustive study of the 
ethnology of the Quileute Indians who, with the now extinct Chima- 
kum, form the so-called Chimakuan linguistic family. This work 
was carried on during August, September, October, November, and 
December. The most voluminous data were obtained, and the inves- 
tigation was facilitated by the fact that the Quileute Indians, num- 
bering approximately 300 individuals, live together in a_ single 
village and still cling tenaciously to their native language, and to 
their former customs and traditions. Consequently, Dr. Frachten- 
berg encountered little difficulty in collecting exhaustive data on 
the various phases of the ethnology of these Indians, and he succeeded 
in thoroughly investigating the following phases: Early History 
8 
