432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.i, 



a few living a fourth week. Tjeder (1944, p. 203) observed an ada|! 

 male of S. juscata first remove and grasp several eggs of Sialis lutari] 

 L. (Sialidae) attached to Carex, and then feed on them. The aduliv 

 are typically noctm-nal or crepuscular, attracted to light, and ma"' 

 also be taken by beating the shrubs and trees overhanging water } 

 which certain fresh-water sponges abound. 



Brown estimated three broods of areolaris in the summer in tl 

 Put-in-Bay region, Ohio, but did not study the overwintering stag 

 Needham (1901, p. 560) suggested two broods a year for this speci 

 {=dictyona) at Saranac Inn, N, Y., based on the presence of adul 

 during the latter part of June and August and their absence in Jul 

 On Juanita Island, at Lake George, N. Y., he found adults during tl 

 latter part of July and the whole of August (Needham, 1925, p. 116 

 Withycombe (1923, p. 523) estimated several broods per year 

 England, the main one in May and June; he also found sisyrid larvi 

 throughout the winter. KilHngton (1936, pp. 147, 235-236) stat( 

 that in England S. juscata overwintered in the prepupal stage with! 

 the cocoon and that eggs were laid in May and June and again | 

 August and September. There, most of the larvae from eggs of tl!| 

 earlier oviposition become full-grown by autumn, then leave t] 

 water and pass the winter in the prepupal stage within the cocoo, 

 whereas a smaller number of larvae mature quickly in a few weei 

 and produce a second brood in August and September, with the larv 

 from this second brood also overwintering in the prepupal s 

 The overwintered prepupae pupate in April, May, and June. Be^ 

 (1948, p. 144) noticed that the adults of S. juscata were found 

 Denmark from the close of May to the end of August, being coi; 

 monest in July and August. 



Larvae 



The fusiform sisyrid larva differs from the larvae of other famil 

 of Neuroptera in the apparent absence of the labial palpi and el 

 podium, and the presence of only one tarsal claw on each leg. T^ 

 mandibles and maxillae are straight, similar in form, although t 

 mandibles are broader at the base and have small setae at the apicn 

 In all instars the head is rounded. The first-instar larva diffd 

 considerably from the second- and third-instar larvae in the absen 

 of tracheal gills, broad head in comparison with the thorax, and t 

 shorter antennae. 



The immature stages of only two of the genera, Sisyra and Climac. 

 have been treated in the literature. Needham (1901, pp. 552-5! 

 559, 560, pi. 12) first discussed the larvae, pupae, and cocoons of t 

 Nearctic Sisyra vicaria (Walker) (=umbrata Needham) and Climat 

 areolaris (Hagen) (=dictyona Needham). Anthony (1902, pp. 61 

 631), a student of Needham, gave a detailed account of the m« 



